高寒地区秋、冬季荷斯坦奶牛补饲优质饲料对采食量、泌乳性能和乳房炎发病率的影响

[目的]旨在研究高寒地区荷斯坦奶牛优化补饲方案的推广价值。[方法]实验选取A、B牧场无临床型乳房炎健康泌乳牛为研究对象,将两座实验牧场奶牛,分别各自分为实验组和对照组。实验组饲喂优质补饲日粮,对照组饲喂传统日粮,实验牛只每天放牧5 h。实验期为60 d,10 d为预饲期,50 d为实验期。[结果]A、B牧场实验组补饲的日粮干物质采食量分别为15.77、16.11 kg/d,明显高于对照组（14.02、14.47 kg/d）。A牧场实验组单产为16.89 kg/d,对照组单产为12.25 kg/d,差异显著（P〈0.05）;B牧场实验组单产为17.22 kg/d,对照组单产为13.21 kg/d,同样差异显著（P〈0.05）;同时A牧场与B牧场实验组的单产在与2014同期相比时同样差异显著（P〈0.05）。A牧场每千克奶饲料成本降低0.26元,与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）,B牧场降低0.13元。A牧场实验组的牛奶乳脂率和乳蛋白含量明显高于对照组,分别为3.95%和3.28%,和2014年同期相比分别增长了0.29%和0.22%;B牧场实验组牛奶乳脂率和乳蛋白含量虽然低于对照组,但也达到了4.08%和3.15%。A牧场实验组牛奶体细胞数（39.14万个/m L）比对照组体细胞数（60.54万个/m L）低21.40万个/m L。临床型乳房炎患病牛的比例,实验组低于对照组近2.67%。[结论]高寒地区荷斯坦奶牛可实行优化补饲方案,且能够提高企业和养殖户的经济效益,具有较好的推广价值。

Effects of Supplementary Feeding of High Quality Feed on Feed Intake,Lactation Performance and Incidence of Mastitis of Holsteins in Alpine Area

[Objective] This study aimed to prove the practicality of optional supplementary feeding scheme of Holsteins in alpine area. [Methods] The experiment was simultaneously conducted in two separate dairy farms designated as A and B. Healthy lactating dairy cows without clinical mastitis signs were selected from the dairy farms of A and B, respectively. In each dairy farm,the selected dairy cows were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental groups in the two dairy farms were offered high quality supplementary feed, and the control groups fed traditional diet. All of the dairy cows included in this study were grazed 5 h per day. The whole experimental period lasted for 60 d, including 10 d of pre-feeding period and 50 d of formal experimental period. [Results] The daily dry matter intake of dairy cows in experimental groups in dairy farms A and B was 15.77 kg/d and 16.11 kg/d respectively, and they were obviously higher than that of their counterparts in control groups（14.02 kg/d for dairy farm A and 14.47 kg/d for dairy farm B）. In dairy farm A, the daily milk yield of experimental group（16.89kg/d） was significantly higher than that of control group（12.25 kg/d,P0.05）. In dairy farm B, the significant differences in daily milk yield between experimental group（17.22 kg/d） and control group（13.21 kg/d） were observed（P0.05）. Compared with the same period of 2014, the daily milk yield of dairy cows in the two experimental groups in present study was both significantly increased（P 0.05）. The feed cost for producing per kilogram of milk in experimental group of dairy farm A was 0.26 Yuan reduced, which is significantly higher than that in control group（P0.05）. The feed cost for producing per kilogram of milk in experimental group of dairy farm B was 0.13 Yuan reduced compared with that of control group. In dairy farm A, the content of milk fat and milk protein of experimental group were 3.95% and 3.28% respectively, which were obviously higher than those of control group respectively; compared with the same period of 2014, the content of milk fat and milk protein were increased by0.29% and 0.22%, respectively. In dairy farm B, while the content of milk fat and milk protein of experimental group was both lower than those of control group, they also reached 4.08%and 3.15%, respectively. In dairy farm A, the number of somatic cells in milk of experimental group（3.914 ×105per milliliter） was 2.140 ×105per milliliter reduced compared with that of control group（6.054×105per milliliter）, and the incidence of clinical mastitis of experimental group was reduced by 2.67% compared with that of control group.[Conclusion] These results suggest the practicality of optional supplementary feeding scheme of Holsteins in alpine area,which is helpful for improving the economic benefit of enterprises and farmers and is worthy of wide promotion.