强、中、弱筋小麦籽粒中淀粉、蛋白质积累和淀粉体发育的比较

以强、中、弱筋小麦品种烟农19、扬麦16和宁麦13为试验材料，研究了籽粒中淀粉和蛋白质积累动态及差异，比较了三者胚乳细胞中淀粉体发育的异同。结果表明，小麦成熟籽粒中总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量由高到低依次为宁麦13、扬麦16、烟农19。蛋白质含量积累变化“V”形曲线，表现为烟农19>扬麦16>宁麦13。在籽粒发育过程中，胚乳中大、小淀粉体的发生具有严格的时序性，发育前期大淀粉体比例高，后期小淀粉体比例高。3种类型小麦相比，细胞中大淀粉体数目由多到少依次为烟农19、扬麦16、宁麦13，而小淀粉体数目的排序恰好相反。总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉积累量均呈“S”型曲线变化，积累速率呈抛物曲线变化，积累量和积累速率表现为烟农19>扬麦16>宁麦13。在成熟胚乳细胞中烟农19大淀粉体多，小淀粉体少，且结合紧密，而宁麦13大淀粉体少，小淀粉体多，胚乳结构疏松。扬麦16结构介于两者之间。

Comparison of Starch,Protein Accumulation and Amyloplast Development in Wheat Cultivars with Strong,Medium,and Weak Gluten

Wheat cultivars Yannong 19, Yangmai 16, and Ningmai 13 responsible for strong-, medium-, and weak-gluten types respectively, were used to compare the accumulations of starch and protein during grain filling as well as the amyloplast components in mature grains. The contents of starch, amylose, and amlylopectin in grains showed similar dynamic changes in the three cultivars, and ranked as Ningmai 13>Yangmai 16>Yangnong 19. The accumulation quantities of starch, amylose, and amlylopectin varied in trends of S-curve during the grain-filling period, and the accumulation rate was in a parabola. Among the three cultivars, Yangnong 19 possessed the highest quantity and rate in the accumulation of starch and its components, and Ningmai 13 the lowest. The changes of protein content during grain filling in three cultivars all presented V-curves with the highest content in Yannong 19 and the lowest content in Ningmai 13. During the development of grains, large amyloplast formed in earlier period and small amyloplast was observed mainly in later period. The quantity of large amyloplast in the three cultivars showed Yannong 19>Yangmai 16>Ningmai 13, whereas those of small amyloplast randed in the opposite direction. In endosperm cells of mature grain, large amyloplast was more than small amyloplast in Yannong 19, and the amyloplasts were in compact structures. In Ningmai 13, the opposite status was observed.