Responses of five almond cultivars to irrigation: Photosynthesis and leaf water potential |
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| Affiliation: | 1. José Carlos Esteves Gomes-Laranjo, Centro de Estudos da Terra do Ambiente e da Vida, Departamento de Engenharia Biológica e Ambiental, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal;2. DRATM, Direcção Regional de Agricultura, Quinta do Valongo, Mirandela, Portugal;1. Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, PO Box 164, E-30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;2. IRTA Mas de Bover, Ctra. Reus-El Morell km 3,8, Constantí, Tarragona 43120 Spain;3. IRTA Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003 Lleida, Spain;4. Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, Della Pianta e degli Alimenti (DiSSPA), University of Bari, Bari, Italy;5. INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Domaine St Maurice, F-84143, Montfavet, France;1. Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Finca La Orden, Gobierno de Extremadura, Autovía A-V, km 372, Guadajira, 06187 Badajoz, Spain;2. Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica y Forestal, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura (UNEX), Avda. Adolfo Suárez s/n., 06007 Badajoz, Spain;1. University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Higher School of Technology Khenifra, PB 170, Khenifra, Morocco;2. INRA, Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Regional Agricultural Research Center of Meknès, Box 578, Meknès, Morocco;3. INRA – UMR 1334 AGAP, 34398 Montpellier, France;4. University of Moulay Ismail, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, BP 11 201 Zitoune, Meknès 50000, Morocco;1. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Finca La Orden, Junta de Extremadura, Autovía A-V, km 372, Guadajira, 06187 Badajoz, Spain;2. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición ICTAN (CSIC). José Antonio Novais, 10. 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal;2. Department of Applied Environmental Science, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955 USA;3. Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA;4. University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | In the Trás-os-Montes region, almond orchards are usually planted in the dry soils on the upper valley of the Douro river and are typically cultivated under non-irrigated conditions, leading to low yields. This study aimed to compare the physiological responses of five almond varieties (Francoli, Ferragnès, Glorieta, Lauranne and Masbovera) growing under non-irrigated and irrigated conditions. In irrigated conditions, all cultivars had higher photosynthetic rates, with maximum rates in a range of 10–12 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1. Study of daily photosynthesis (June–August) indicates that, irrigated plants showed maximal values at 11 h (32 °C), while in water stressed ones highest values were found at 9 h (28 °C). The irrigation induced an increase in photosynthesis of around 173% in Lauranne, 187% in Francoli, 204% in Glorieta, 266% in Masbovera and 331% in Ferragnès. In relation to values of water potential that allow half-rate of photosynthesis (ψw50), they were calculated as −2.95, −2.50, −3.10, −3.20 and −3.30 MPa for Ferragnès, Glorieta, Masbovera, Francoli and Lauranne, respectively. |
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