Dynamics of above- and below-ground biomass and nutrient accumulation in an age sequence of Nothofagus antarctica forest of Southern Patagonia |
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| Institution: | 1. INTA EEA-Santa Cruz, UNPA, cc 332, 9400 Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina;2. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), cc 92, 9410 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina;3. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina;1. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) – Agroforestry Resource Laboratory, Houssay 200 (9410) Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917 (1033) Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. INTA EEA Santa Cruz, Mahatma Ghandi 1322 (9400) Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina;4. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Lisandro de la Torre 1070 (9400) Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina;1. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA-CCT-CONICET), Mendoza. C.C. 330, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina;2. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD) - Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN) Sede Andina, 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina;1. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Houssay 200, 9410 Ushuaia, Argentina;2. Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation & Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;3. EDP Biodiversity Chair, CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-601 Vairão, Portugal;4. Biodiversity & Nature Conservation, Environment Agency Austria, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria;5. UNPA-INTA-CONICET, cc 332, 9400 Río Gallegos, Argentina;1. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agronómicas Bariloche (IFAB), (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Modesta Victoria 4450, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro R8402DVZ, Argentina;2. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Av. de los Pioneros 2350, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina;3. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Nicolás Repetto y de Los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686K6, Argentina;4. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro R8400FRF, Argentina;1. SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;2. Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Houssay 200, 9410 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina;3. Administración de Parques Nacionales, Delegación Regional Noroeste, Santa Fe 23, 4400 Salta, Argentina;4. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA), Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (UNJU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Alberdi 47, 4600 San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina;5. Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda, Río de Los Ciervos 5862, km 6 ½ Sur, 6210427 Punta Arenas, Chile;6. Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG), Avenida Bulnes 01855, 6210427 Punta Arenas, Magallanes, Chile |
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| Abstract: | Nothofagus antarctica (Forster f.) Oersted is a deciduous tree species, which naturally grows on poorly drained or drier eastern sites in the Andes Mountain near Patagonian steppe. Above- and below-ground biomass and nutrients pools were measured in pure even-aged stands at different ages (5–220 years) and crown classes. Functions were fitted for total biomass and nutrients accumulation, and root/shoot ratio of individual trees against age. Total biomass accumulated for mature dominant trees was eight times greater than mature suppressed trees. Biomass root/shoot ratio decreased with age from 1.8 to a steady-state of 0.5. All nutrients concentration (except Ca) decreased with age and varied according to the degree of crown suppression classes. Nutrient concentrations varied between biomass pool components following the order leaves > bark > small branches > fine roots > medium roots > rooten wood > coarse roots > sapwood > heartwood. Total nutrient accumulation followed the order dominant > codominant > intermediate > suppressed trees and its accumulation rate varied over time, e.g. P accumulation rate of dominant trees increased from 0.17 g tree?1 year?1 during regeneration to 1.39 g tree?1 year?1 in mature trees. Nutrients uptake reached a peak during the period of maximum biomass production, and root/shoot ratio of nutrients decreased from its maximum value at 5 years of age (0.6, 4.0, 0.9, 1.5, 1.0 and 2.6 for N, P, K, Ca, S and Mg, respectively) to a steady-state asymptote beyond 50 years of age. Thus, accumulation of nutrients in roots was greater during the regeneration phase of stand development, and nutrient accumulation increased in above-ground over time. Also, nutrient use efficiency increased in mature trees (111–220 years) and decreased in suppressed crown classes. The equations developed for individual trees have been used to estimate stand biomass and nutrient accumulation from forest inventories data. Total stand biomass varied from 62.5 to 133.4 t ha?1 and total nutrients accumulation ranged from 3 kg Mg ha?1 to 1235 kg Ca ha?1. Proposed equations can be used for practical purposes such as to estimate pasture nutrients requirement in a silvopastoral system based on nutrients supply from leaf litter returns, or to determine amelioration practices like debarking stems before harvesting. |
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