Changes in soil,seepage water and needle chemistry between 1984 and 2004 after liming an N-saturated Norway spruce stand at the Höglwald,Germany |
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| Affiliation: | 1. USDA Forest Service, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 100 Stone Blvd., Thompson Hall, Room 309, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;2. USDA Forest Service, Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, 432 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;1. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.4 – Fluid Systems Modelling, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;2. University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;3. Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Earth Sciences, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany;1. School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China;2. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China;3. ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), China;1. Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands;2. Department of Environmental Science, Macquarie University, NSW, 2106, Australia;3. Haramaya University, Department of Geo-information Science, P.O. box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia;4. Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Bavarian Forest National Park, 94481, Grafenau, Germany;5. Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, Germany;6. UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK;7. European Space Agency - ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, Casella Postale 64, 00044, Frascati, RM, Italy;1. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;2. Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;1. Department of Wood Science, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocenology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | In 1984, a liming experiment with a surface application of 4 t ha−1 of dolomitic limestone was started at the acidic N-saturated Norway spruce forest “Höglwald” in southern Germany and monitored until 2004. The decay of surface humus due to the accelerated mineralisation accounted for 18.5 ± 2.7 t ha−1 C or 50% of the initial pool and 721.6 ± 115.0 kg ha−1 N or 46% for N. Due to some translocation of organic material to the mineral soil the values to 40 cm depth are slightly lower (13.5 ± 4.4 t ha−1 C or 15% of the initial pool and 631.6 ± 192.8 kg ha−1 N or 13% for N). In the control plot NO3− concentrations at 40 cm depth were above the European level of drinking water (0.8 mmolc l−1 or 50 mg NO3− l−1) for nearly the whole investigation period. Liming increased NO3− concentrations in seepage water for approximately 15 years, and accelerated leaching losses by 396.2 NO3−–N kg ha−1 from 1984 to 2003. The increase in pH of the soil matrix was more or less restricted to the humus layer and the upper 5 cm of the mineral soil during the whole time span, while the base cations Ca and Mg reached deeper horizons with seepage water. From 1984 to 2003, an amount that nearly equalled the applied Mg, was leached out of the main rooting zone, while most of the applied Ca was retained. The time series of the elemental concentrations in needles showed minor changes. Ca concentrations in needles increased with liming, while Mg remained nearly unchanged, and P decreased in older needles. |
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