Assessing the response of chickpea (Cicer aeritinum L.) yield to irrigation water on two soils in Punjab (India): A simulation analysis using the CROPMAN model |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Soils, Punjab Agricultural University, Lab-125, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India;2. Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana, India;3. Blackland Research and Extension Center, Temple, A&M University, TX, USA;1. Chinese Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;2. Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;1. College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China;2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China;1. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;2. Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;3. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;1. Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;2. USDA-ARS, Agricultural Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;3. USDA-ARS, Northwest Watershed Research Center, Boise, ID, USA;4. Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, QC, Canada;5. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | Shrinking water resources in northwest India calls for diversification from a rice–wheat cropping system to low-water-requiring crops and development of water-efficient technologies in Punjab state. Chickpea, because of its lower water demand (evapotranspiration) and irrigation requirement has been identified as a suitable alternate crop to wheat. Simulations, averaged over 18 years, using the CROPMAN model indicated that the yield of chickpea on coarse- to medium-textured soils was higher in a rice–chickpea cropping system compared with maize–chickpea and mung–chickpea systems because of increased availability of water. Yield response of chickpea to irrigation depended upon soil texture, the timings and number of irrigations. The optimum yield (2 t ha−1) on coarse- to medium-textured soils after rice can be obtained with one heavy pre-plant and two post-plant irrigations, i.e., one in mid-February and one in mid-March synchronizing irrigations with flowering and grain development stages. Grain yield with irrigation water followed a quadratic function and linear with evapotranspiration. Water use efficiency and evapotranspiration was curvilinear. Grain yield was significantly sensitive to water stress during the pod setting to grain development period irrespective of soil texture. |
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