不同杀菌剂及其复配对箭筈豌豆炭疽病的防治研究

近年来，在我国西北地区发现由菠菜炭疽菌引起的箭筈豌豆炭疽病危害严重，影响箭筈豌豆种子和鲜草产量，然而缺少化学防治在内的有效防控技术。选取百菌清、多菌灵、代森锰锌、吡唑醚菌酯和苯甲·嘧菌酯5种杀菌剂，采用菌落生长抑制法对该菌进行了室内毒力测定，发现5种药剂对菠菜炭疽菌的毒力从大到小依次为32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯（J₃）>25%吡唑醚菌酯（J₂）>50%多菌灵（J₁）>80%代森锰锌>75%百菌清；对毒力效果最好的前3种杀菌剂及其复配剂进行盆栽防病试验，结果显示：J₁∶2J₂和2J₁∶J₃处理下的防治效果较好；同时，利用这3种杀菌剂（J₁、J₂和J₃）进行田间防治试验，结果表明J₂、J₃和J₁的防效分别为68.88%、63.50%和20.62%。综上所述，25%吡唑醚菌酯、32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯以及50%多菌灵和25%吡唑醚菌酯复配剂能有效防治由菠菜炭疽菌引起的箭筈豌豆炭疽病。

Control efficacy of different fungicides and compound formulations on common vetch anthracnose

Recently， common vetch anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spinaciae has been found in northwest China， causing major losses to seed and forage yields in common vetch crops. Moreover， there have been no efficient chemical or other control measures identified to combat anthracnose in common vetch. This study tested the toxicity of five fungicides on C. spinaciae， using a colony growth inhibition test. It was found that the toxicity ranking of the tested herbicides was difenoconazole-azoxystrobin 32.5%>pyraclostrobin 25%>carbendazim 50%>mancozeb 80%>chlorothalonil 75%. Then， compound formulations of the three fungicides with better toxicity were used for a second colony inhibition test. It was found that compound formulations of carbendazim 50%∶pyraclostrobin 25% （1∶2） or carbendazim 50%∶benzozoil 32.5% （2∶1） gave improved control of common vetch anthracnose， compared to treatments with a single fungicide. In addition， field control experiments with the three fungicides showed that the control efficacy of pyraclostrobin 25%， difenoconazole-azoxystrobin 32.5% and carbendazim 50% were 68.88%， 63.50% and 20.62%， respectively. In conclusion， pyraclostrobin 25%， difenoconazole-azoxystrobin 32.5%， pyraclostrobin 25% and carbendazim 50% can effectively control common vetch anthracnose caused by C. spinaciae.