我国不同奶业产区规模化牧场饲料结构分析

在奶牛养殖规模化水平不断提高,养殖成本日益增加,且区域间差异明显的背景下,饲料作为奶牛养殖主要投入品,了解其在规模化牧场生产成本中的结构对于优化奶牛日粮结构、降低养殖成本、缩小区域间养殖效益差距等具有重要意义。本文利用2018—2020年规模牧场月度调研数据,分析了我国规模化牧场饲料结构情况。研究发现,大城市周边产区和南方产区的精饲料和粗饲料的比例相对更加科学,华北产区仍有较大提升空间,并且玉米、豆粕、玉米青贮和苜蓿草在日粮中占有较大比重,达到84.62%;不同产区奶牛日粮结构具有明显差距,玉米青贮和苜蓿草在西北产区占比最高,玉米和豆粕在南方产区占比最高。注重发挥区域优势,加大优质粗饲料和可替代饲料的利用,有利于降低养殖成本,提高养殖的科学性和可持续性。

Analysis of Feed Structure of Scale Ranches in Different Dairy Production Areas in China

In the context of the continuous improvement of the scale of dairy farming,the increasing cost of breeding,and the obvious differences between regions,feed is the main input for dairy farming.Understanding its structure in scale ranches pastures is important for optimizing dairy cow rations and reducing breeding costs.It is of great significance to narrow the gap in breeding benefits between regions.This article uses the monthly survey data of scale ranches from 2018 to 2020 to analyze the feed structure of scale ranches in China.The study found that the ratio of precision to roughness in production areas around large cities and southern production areas is relatively more scientific,and there is still a big improvement in North China production areas.In addition,corn,soybean meal,corn silage and alfalfa accounted for a large proportion of the diet,reaching 84.62%.There was a significant gap in the diet structure of dairy cows in different production areas.Corn silage and alfalfa accounted for the highest proportion in the northwest production area.The corn and soybean accounts for the highest proportion in the southern producing areas.The research results show that focusing on regional advantages and increasing the use of highquality roughage and alternative feed will help reduce breeding costs and improve the scientific and sustainable breeding.