芽孢杆菌JPC-2的营养竞争测定及其对小麦根部病害的防治效果

对营养竞争拮抗测定方法进行了改进,对接法将芽孢杆菌JPC-2与小麦纹枯病菌接种于大豆麦麸(SWB)培养基上,JPC-2可在SWB培养基上迅速扩展并完全抑制小麦纹枯病菌的菌丝生长。田间试验表明,芽孢杆菌JPC-2液体菌剂(107cfu/mL,1∶100)处理种子对小麦纹枯病的冬前期防效高于扬花期防效,防治效果为61.9%,高于3%苯醚甲环唑包衣处理(用量为种子质量的0.3%);对小麦根腐病的防治效果可达46.8%,与空白对照差异显著(p<0.05);并使小麦增产73.5%,高于3%苯醚甲环唑种衣剂。芽孢杆菌JPC-2固体菌剂(106cfu/mL,225kg/hm2)沟施于土壤,再播种液体菌剂包衣(107cfu/mL,药种比1∶30)的小麦种子,对小麦纹枯病菌的冬前期防效为68.9%,扬花期防效为59.7%,小麦增产38.9%,与0.2%戊唑醇种衣剂(1∶50)增产效果相当。

Tests for antagonistic activity of Bacillus JPC-2 by nutritional competition method and its effect on the control of wheat root diseases

The method of antagonistic testing based on nutritional competition was improved.Bacillus JPC-2 and the wheat root pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis was pair-cultured on soybean-wheat bran medium in a up-down way.Bacillus JPC-2 could spread rapidly and suppress growth of the pathogenic fungus completely.Effects of seed coating and soil treatment together with seed coating of JPC-2 on wheat root diseases were tested in fields.Seed coating with JPC-2(107 cfu/mL)at the dosage of 1∶100 of the seed weight resulted in a control efficacy of 61.9% against wheat sharp eye-spot disease at early winter stage,higher than that at flowering stage.Its effect was higher than that of seed coating with 3% difenoconazole FS at the dosage of 0.3% of seed weight.Seed coating with JPC-2 resulted in a control efficacy of 46.8% against wheat root rot disease at early winter stage,similar to that of seed coating with 3% difenoconazole FS,and showed significant difference from the control(p<0.05).Wheat output by seed coating with JPC-2 increased by 73.5%,higher than that by 3% difenoconazole FS(69.7%).Soil treatment with 225 kg JPC-2 solid agents(106 cfu/mL)per hm2 and planting seeds coated with JPC-2(107 cfu/mL)at the dosage of 1∶30 of seed weight resulted in a control efficacy of 68.9% in the early winter stage,and 59.7% in the flowering stage,and the wheat output increased by 38.9%,similar to that by seed coating with 0.2% tebuconazole at the dosage of 1∶50 of seed weight.