流域土壤侵蚀测量系统研究

流域内降雨-径流-土壤侵蚀过程中不同时空点处流量、流速、泥沙含量的获取是土壤侵蚀机理研究中的难点，它们的实时、准确测量将为侵蚀模拟-预报模型的建立与检验提供必要的数据支持。针对这一问题，提出一套测量流域土壤侵蚀动态变化过程变量的自动化测量系统。该系统由四部分构成:量水堰和水位传感器实现径流流量的测量；薄层水流流速测量系统测量坡面流及其流域内沟道中水流速度；径流含沙量测量系统测量径流中的泥沙含量；数据采集控制以及存储系统，实现试验设计点处侵蚀量的动态变化过程测量及数据存储。这一系统的构建及应用必将推动侵蚀过程测量向着更自动化和可操作化方向发展。

Study on Automated Measuring System for Soil Erosion in Watersheds

Although the difficulties, the temporal and spatial knowledge of runoff rate, flow velocity and sediment concentration or sediment yield in watersheds during the rainfall--runoff--soil erosion processes is of great importance for understanding the soil erosion mechanism. Their onsite and accurate measurements will provide very much demanded data for physically based soil erosion simulation/prediction models. An automated system is presented for the measurements of the factors affecting soil erosion dynamic processes. The whole measurement system consists of weir and water level sensor systems for runoff rate;shallow water flow velocity measuring systems for flow velocities in hill-slope rills and/or watershed water channels; sediment concentration measuring systems for sediment concentrations at designed locations;and data acquisition systems for the control and da- ta logging of the systems. This system is promising to be applicable in the study of soil erosion dynamic processes.