Food preferences of earthworms for soil fungi

Soil fungi are considered to be an important food source for earthworms. Selection experiments were carried out in order to study the preferences of earthworm species for a variety of soil fungi. Nine fungal species (Cladosporium cladosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Mucor sp., Trichoderma viride, Fusarium nivale, Phlebia radiata, Glaeophyllum trabeum, Coniophora puteana, Coriolus versicolor) were grown separately in centrifuge tubes on sterilized sand with potato dextrose. Tubes containing different fungal species, 8–9 per experiment, were arranged in a food choice arena. The preference for the fungi of 5 different earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris, Lumbricus castaneus, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea rosea, Octolasion cyaneum) was tested by adding one specimen per chamber. Removal of sand from the tubes within 6 days was used as the indicator of preference by earthworms. The food preference of earthworms irrespective of ecological group followed a general pattern. F. nivale and C. cladosporioides were the preferred fungal species, followed by fast-growing species such as Mucor sp. and R. solani. In contrast, basidiomycetes were generally refused. The epigeic species L. rubellus had the strongest preference for a single fungal species, in contrast the endogeic species A. rosea fed more evenly on different fungal species. We conclude that early successional fungal species are used as cues by earthworms to detect fresh organic resources in soil.