灰漠土长期定位施肥对小麦品质和产量的影响

新疆灰漠土不同施肥制度的12年长期定位试验结果表明,N、NP、NK、NPK处理小麦某些品质指标较CK有不同程度的改善;长期不施氮肥(PK处理),小麦子粒的蛋白质含量、总氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量、面粉品质和面团品质中的多数指标明显低于CK和长期施用氮肥的处理,灰分含量增加;有机无机常量配施(NPK+M)小麦面粉与面团品质中的多数指标优于单施无机肥(N、NP、NK、PK、NPK)和CK处理。与CK相比,秸秆还田(NPK+S)处理的小麦千粒重、面团抗延伸性略有提高,其它品质指标则有不同程度的下降。生产中,N、P、K化肥与有机肥合理配合施用对培肥土壤、提高小麦产量和改善品质具有重要作用。

Effect of long-term fertilization on wheat quality and yield in grey desert soil

The results of 12-year located fertilization in grey desert soil of Xinjiang showed that treatments of N, NP, NK, NPK could improve the grain quality in some indexes compared with CK. The contents of crude protein, essential and total amino acid, characters of the flour and dough qualities of long-term without N application (PK) declined significantly, and the ash content increased. Compared with chemical fertilizer applying only (N, NP, NK, PK, NPK) and CK, treatment of NPK with farm yard manure (NPK M) had a better effect on improving flour and dough qualities in most of indexes. Contrast to CK, the treatment of crop straw return to field (NPK S) increased the 1000-seed weight and dough tenacity ability and decreased the other characters in a certain degree. Chemical fertilizer combined with farm yard manure was very important to build up soil fertility, increase yield and improve grain quality.