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An Ulva armoricana extract protects plants against three powdery mildew pathogens
Authors:Valérie Jaulneau  Claude Lafitte  Marie-France Corio-Costet  Marciel J Stadnik  Sylvie Salamagne  Xavier Briand  Marie-Thérèse Esquerré-Tugayé and Bernard Dumas
Institution:(1) Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences V?g?tales, Universit? de Toulouse, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, BP42617, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France;(2) CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences V?g?tales, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, BP42617, Auzeville, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France;(3) Groupe Roullier, Zone Industrielle, BP 65, 22260 Pontrieux, France;(4) INRA, UMR Sant? v?g?tale (1065), 70 rue E Bourlaud, BP 81, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France;(5) Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, 88040-900 Florian?polis, Brazil;
Abstract:The protective activity of a crude extract prepared from the green macroalga, Ulva armoricana, previously shown to induce plant defence responses, was evaluated on three plant species, common bean, grapevine and cucumber, cultivated in the greenhouse and inoculated with three powdery mildew pathogens Erysiphe polygoni, E. necator and Sphareotheca fuliginea respectively. Chemical analyses showed that the extract was enriched in ulvans, which are green algae polysaccharides essentially composed of uronic acid and sulphated rhamnose. Weekly applications were performed by spraying of the green algal extract at various dilutions on bean, grapevine and cucumber leaves. A significant effect (50% protection) was observed using a dilution corresponding to about 3 g l−1 dry matter and up to 90% reduction of symptom severity was obtained for the highest concentration (1/9 dilution, 6 g l−1 dry matter) for the three plant species. To study the natural variability of the protective activity, five extracts prepared from algae batches harvested at different year periods were evaluated. Although polysaccharide composition varied among batches, all extracts elicit a reporter gene regulated by a defence-gene promoter in a transgenic tobacco line, and protect cucumber plants against powdery mildew infection. Together, these data demonstrate that U. armoricana is a reproducible source of active compounds which can be used to efficiently protect crop plants against powdery mildew diseases.
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