全球水稻生产与稻作生态系统概况

1961—2001年，全球水稻总产、面积和单产分别增长171．3％，30．9％和107．0％。在总产增长中，收获面积增加贡献27．8％，单产提高贡献72．2％，水稻总产增长主要由单产的提高所致。亚洲是主要的产稻区，其水稻总产和收获面积分别占全球的90％和91％。全球各产稻国水稻平均单产差异很大，水稻增产关键在于提高中低产国家和地区的水稻单产水平。全球稻田中，灌溉稻田、雨灌稻田、早稻田和深水稻田分别占54％，3l％，11％和4％。不同水稻生态系统的地区分布中，灌溉稻和雨灌稻主要分布在亚洲，分别占93．0％和95．5％，深水稻主要分布在亚洲和非洲，分别占67．3％和25．0％，早稻主要分布在亚洲、美洲和非洲，分别占57．1％，20．0％和19．1％。

The Rice Production and Ecosystem in the World

Rice production, growing area and yield increased by 173.3%, 30.9% and 107.0%, respectively, in the world from 1961 to 2001.The increase of rice area contributed 27.8% to the increase of production , and the increase of yield contributed 72.2 %. The rice production increase mainly results from the yield increase. Asia is the main rice growing area in the world with its rice production and area standing for 90% and 91% of global rice production and area, respectively. There was a noticeable rice yield gap among countries and regions. It is of importance by improving rice yield in the countries and regions with low and middle yields to raise the world rice production. Irrigated rice, rainfed rice, upland rice and deepwater rice occupied 54%, 31%, 11% and 4% of total rice area in the world respectively. The irrigated rice and rainfed rice are largely distributed in Asia and Africa, accounting for 93.0% and 95.5 % of the world total irrigated and rainfed rice area, respectively. Deepwater rice is mainly distributed in Asia (67.3%) and Africa ( 25.0 %), and upland rice in Asia (57.1%),Lantin America (20.0%) and Africa (19.1%).