落叶松人工林结构对土壤水文特性的影响

为了解落叶松人工林结构对土壤水文特性的影响,对黑龙江省尚志市帽儿山地区不同结构类型下落叶松人工林的土壤水分物理性质、贮水能力及入渗性能进行研究。结果表明：1）土壤密度平均值由大到小依次为均匀结构、六行结构、四行结构、二行结构,分别为1.33、1.22、1.19和1.10 g/cm^3,总孔隙度变化趋势与土壤密度相反,分别为26.36%、48.99%、54.49%、56.00%;2）初渗速率变化范围为1.20-2.27 mm/min,10℃时的渗透系数K10大小依次为二行结构（1.04 mm/min）〉四行结构（0.81 mm/min）〉六行结构（0.67 mm/min）〉均匀结构（0.61 mm/min）,30 min累计入渗量表现出相应的变化趋势;3）40 cm土层范围内,土壤的饱和贮水量在1 054.20-2 239.80t/hm^2之间,其中二行结构的土壤贮水量最大。因此,二行结构的落叶松人工林土壤水文效益较高,是落叶松人工林营建时的首选方式。

Effects of structure of the Larix gmelini plantation on soil hydrology characteristic

This paper aimed at studying the effects of structure of Larix gmelini plantation on soil-hydrology characteristics.Soil physical properties, soil water storage capacity,and permeability were analysed within different structural types of Larix gmelini plantation,located in Maoershan of Shangzhi City,Heilongjiang Province.The results showed that: 1)The descending order of the means of soil bulk density was: uniform structure,six-line structure,four-line structure,two-line structure,respectively.And the means of soil bulk dentisty were 1.33,1.22,1.19 and 1.10 g/cm³, respectively.The trend of total porosity was opposite to that of soil bulk density.The values of total porosity of four Larix gmelini plantations were 26.36%,48.99%,54.49% and 56.00%,respectively.2)The range of initial soil permeability was 1.20-2.27 mm/min.Additionally,the descending order of infiltration coefficient K₁₀ at 10 ℃ was two-line structure(1.04 mm/min),four-line structure(0.81 mm/min),six-line structure(0.67 mm/min),uniform structure(0.61 mm/min),the tendency of the 30 min infiltration accumulation was the same as that of K₁₀.3) Within the range of 40 cm soil depth,the volume of saturated water was between 1 054.20-2 239.80 t/hm²,that of two-line structure is maximum.In conclusion,the soil hydrology effectiveness of Larix gmelini plantation with two-line structure was higher compared to other structure types.Therefore,it is an optimum method to construct Larix gmelini plantation.