含紫花苜蓿饵料对鲤鱼生长性能、肉品质及消化酶活性的影响

通过在日粮中添加不同水平的紫花苜蓿草粉和鲜草,研究苜蓿草粉及鲜草对禾花鲤生长性能、鱼肉品质、消化酶活性及经济效益的影响。选取整齐一致的2龄禾花鲤1440尾,随机分为6个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复80尾,分置于18个试验池中饲养。各处理饲粮中苜蓿草粉的添加量分别为0,4%,8%,12%,16%和0 鲜草,正试期50 d。研究结果显示:1)添加苜蓿草粉后,试验Ⅱ组的尾均日增重和增重率显著高于对照组。试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组的上述2项指标高于对照组,试验Ⅳ组低于对照组,苜蓿鲜草组低于对照组,但差异均不显著。2)和对照组相比,添加苜蓿草粉显著(试验Ⅳ组)或极显著(试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)提高了禾花鲤肌肉中粗蛋白质含量,随着苜蓿草粉添加水平的增加,肌肉中粗脂肪和胆固醇水平显著下降,肌肉中水分含量呈先降后升的二次变化趋势,苜蓿鲜草组的肌肉中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量和胆固醇水平无显著变化。3)添加苜蓿草粉后对消化道各部位蛋白酶活性及淀粉酶活性有促进作用,均呈先升后降的变化趋势,其中试验II组的酶活性最高。添加苜蓿鲜草对消化道各部位酶活性无显著影响。4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组经济效益均有所提高,但以试验Ⅱ组最好。以上结果表明,在鲤鱼饲粮中添加8%紫花苜蓿草粉对鲤鱼生产性能、鱼肉品质及消化酶活性指标有较显著的改善,但紫花苜蓿鲜草不适宜直接投喂鲤鱼。结合生产实际,建议在鲤鱼饲粮中添加8%紫花苜蓿草粉。

Effects of Medicago sativa on growing performance, fish meat quality and digestive enzymes of Cyprinus carpio

An experiment was conducted using 1 440 Cyprinus carpio to study the effect of Medicago sativa meal and fresh M.sativa on the growing performance,meat quality and digestive enzymes.The C.carpio were randomly divided into six treatments with three replicates per treatment and 80 C.carpio per replicate.The fish were fed with diets containing 0,4%,8%,12% and 16% M.sativa meal and fresh M.sativa for 50 d.1)Compared with the control group there was a very significant average daily weight gain of C.carpio fed with 8% M.sativa meal and both weight gain rate and relative growth rate also increased significantly.The above indexes of fish fed 4% and 12% M.sativa meal were higher than those of fish fed 16% M.sativa meal and were lower for fish fed fresh M.sativa than that of the control group.2) With increased levels of M.sativa meal in the diets,crude protein content in the muscle of fish fed M.sativa meal increased significantly, while EE and cholesterol were significantly decreased and moisture showed a quadric curve variation.Fish fed fresh M.sativa had no improvement in comparison to the control group.3) Protease and amylase in foregut,midgut,hindgut and hepatopancreas of C.carpio increased with increased M.sativa meal but the variation was not linear.The activity of fish fed 8% M.sativa meal was the best among all the groups.4) Compared with the control group,economic benefit was improved,and group 2 was the best.In conclusion,M.sativa meal improved growing performance,fish meat quality,digestive enzymes activity of C.carpio,and the level of 8% was the best.Feeding fresh M.sativa directly was not suitable for C.carpio.Combining all indexes,it is recommended that addition of M.sativa meal at 8% was optimum for the C.carpio diet.