Combining rhizosphere and soil-based P management decreases the P fertilizer demand of China by more than half based on LePA model simulations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Plant–Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/National Academy of Agriculture Green Development of Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R.China;2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P.R.China;3. Department of Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70593, Germany;4. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712199, P.R.China;5. College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, P.R.China;6. Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R.China;7. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R.China;8. College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, P.R.China;9. Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700, Netherlands;10. Israel Chemicals Ltd. (ICL), Tel Aviv 61070, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Phosphorus (P) is a finite natural resource and is increasingly considered to be a challenge for global sustainability. Agriculture in China plays a key role in global sustainable P management. Rhizosphere and soil-based P management are necessary for improving P-use efficiency and crop productivity in intensive agriculture in China. A previous study has shown that the future demand for phosphate fertilizer by China estimated by the LePA model (legacy phosphorus assessment model) can be greatly reduced by soil-based P management (the building-up and maintenance approach). The present study used the LePA model to predict the phosphate demand by China through combined rhizosphere and soil-based P management at county scale under four P fertilizer scenarios: (1) same P application rate as in 2012; (2) rate maintained same as 2012 in low-P counties or no P fertilizer applied in high-P counties until targeted soil Olsen-P (TPOlsen) level is reached, and then rate was the same as P-removed at harvest; (3) rate in each county decreased to 1–7 kg ha–1 yr–1 after TPOlsen is reached in low-P counties, then increased by 0.1–9 kg ha–1 yr–1 until equal to P-removal; (4) rate maintained same as 2012 in low-P counties until TPOlsen is reached and then equaled to P-removal, while the rate in high-P counties is decreased to 1–7 kg ha–1 yr–1 until TPOlsen is reached and then increased by 0.1–9 kg ha–1 yr–1 until equal to P-removal. Our predictions showed that the total demand for P fertilizer by whole China was 693 Mt P2O5 and according to scenario 4, P fertilizer could be reduced by 57.5% compared with farmer current practice, during the period 2013–2080. The model showed that rhizosphere P management led to a further 8.0% decrease in P fertilizer use compared with soil-based P management. The average soil Olsen-P level in China only needs to be maintained at 17 mg kg–1 to achieve high crop yields. Our results provide a firm basis for government to issue-relevant policies for sustainable P management in China. |
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| Keywords: | phosphorus reserves P management crop agriculture China modelling |
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