Impact of agroforestry practices on the flowering phenology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitellaria paradoxa</Emphasis> in parklands in southern Mali |
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Authors: | Bokary Allaye Kelly Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury Jean-Marc Bouvet |
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Institution: | (1) Institut d’Economie Rurale, Programme Ressources Forestières Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique de Sikasso, BP 178, Sikasso, Mali;(2) Cirad Environment and Society Department, “Natural Forest Dynamics” Research Unit, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA 10C, BP 5035, Montpellier, 34035, France;(3) Cirad Biological System Department, “Genetic Diversity and Breeding of Forest Tree Species” Research Unit, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA 10C, BP 5035, Montpellier, 34035, France |
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Abstract: | The impact of human practices on the phenology of flowering was assessed for an important agroforestry tree species of the
Sudano-Sahelian zone: Vitellaria paradoxa. Flowering was monitored at two sites in southern Mali over 2 years. At each site, the impact of agricultural practices on
flowering phenology was assessed by comparing field, fallow and forest. The site effect and agricultural practices were significant
for all the monitored variables. The proportion of individuals that flowered was 89% at Koumantou and 40% at MPeresso. About
98, 95 and 75% of individuals at Koumantou and 88, 12 and 20% at MPeresso flowered in the field, fallow and forest, respectively.
The mean length of flowering ranged from 69 to 81 days at Koumantou and from 45 to 108 days at MPeresso. The mean number of
days for the active phase ranged from 36 to 49 days at Koumantou and from 27 to 64 days at MPeresso. Koumantou’s favourable
climatic conditions resulted in better flowering ability and a higher probability of abundant flowering. Field appeared to
provide better conditions than fallow and forest regarding flowering ability and probability of abundant flowering. However,
tree diameter did not affect flowering phenology. Agricultural practices appear to have a noticeable impact on the phenology
of flowering of V. paradoxa. Trees flowered abundantly in the parkland and therefore increased gene flow via pollen and/or seeds and the dynamics of
genetic diversity. |
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Keywords: | Abiotic factors Agricultural practices Cultivated field Fallow Forest Sub-Saharan Africa |
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