重庆市地区可持续发展的水资源问题探讨

分析了重庆市地区目前人均水量少，而且在时空分布上东南多、西北少，水体污染、水旱灾害频繁，水资源开发利用率低，水土流失严重等水资源短缺、水环境恶化等严峻形势和危机状况，以及对重庆市地区环境生态、经济社会发展等各方面的影响。提出了进一步加大长江流域水环境的保护力度，治理污染、实现污水资源化，加强深化供水管理体制改革等解决本地区水资源危机，使之可持续发展的策略。

TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CHONGQING THROUGH IMPROVED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Water resource is not only a fundamental natural resource that has fostered many ancient civilizations in history, but also a vital strategic resource that is sustaining the economic development of the contemporary society. Although in a large total quantity, the water resource in the Chongqing area is now facing a crisis due to growing population pressure, uneven water distribution, lower level of water usage rate, soil erosion, excessive waste, life and industrial pollution, and frequent visits of drought in the region. This has caused a shortage of water in many aspects of the socio-economic well-being in the area, including various industrial operations, agriculture productions and urban and rural residential consumptions. It has impeded the sustainable social and economic development of the area and thus undermined the important role that Chongqing is playing in the ongoing Western China Development Agenda. In this paper, strategies for solutions to the water resource shortage problems were proposed, emphasizing both effective exploration and efficient use of the water resource. They include pollution elimination, water and soil preservation, and returning farmland to forestry in the contributing basins of the Yangtze River. Additionally, centralized water supply management, water saving projects in urban and rural areas, water price reformation, water resources market establishment, waste water recycling and treatment, and reservoir construction are also desired. To implement all these strategies, a Geographic Information System (GIS) is needed to coordinate and support various decision making processes concerning the sustainable use of the precious water resource in the Chongqing area.