中国沙棘育种研究进展

近20年来,中国的沙棘育种,以“多目标育种、多层次选择、选引育并进、有性与无性繁殖兼用”和“多生态区布点、多单位协作”的理念作指导,开展了多方面的工作。通过对种群的系统调查和种源试验,查明了中国沙棘的种群构成与变异规律;在中国沙棘基础上,通过多层次选择,选育出“红霞”、“无刺雄”等5个沙棘良种;在引进种质基础上,通过多种类型的实生选种,选育出“棕丘”、“无刺丰”等15个无性系品种;经多种组合的杂交试验,确知“蒙古沙棘×中国沙棘”的F1代,有显著的杂种优势,并筛选出理想的亲本组合,应用于杂交种子园的营建;在以不同亲本所作的杂交子代群体中,选育出“华林1号”、“天水1号”等杂种无性系品种。到20世纪末,对所选育的各类沙棘良种和主要引进品种,分项进行了区域化试验,多数品种已批量的应用于生产。目前,中国的沙棘育种,正在前期选育无枝刺,大果粒、高产、适应性强的总体目标和育种成果的基础上,进一步追求各类营养保健物质的高含量和高品质。研究手段也将向多元化发展。

The Research Progress on Seabuckthorn Breeding in China

Over 20 years,seabuckthorn breeding research in China has made markedly progress guided by the principles of multipurpose hybridization, multi-levels selection,advances together of introduction and hybridization and plant multiplications by both sexual and asexual means,and implemented through multi-regions tests and multi-units cooperation.Population constitution and genetic variation of Chinese seabuckthorn were understood further.Five new elite cultivars,such as "Hongxia" and "Wucixiong",were created through multi-levels selection from Chinese local seabuckthorns.Fifteen cultivars,such as "Zongqiu" and "Wucifeng" were outlet based on seedling selection in the introduced sea buckthorns.Significant heterosis in the F_1 generation of Hippophea rhamnoides ssp.mongohica Rousi and Hippophea rhamnoides ssp.sinensis Rousi was identified in hybridization experiments,which has been applied to the building of seed garden and to the selection of ideal parent combinations.Several hybrid clones,such as "Hualin 1" and "Tianshui 1" were selected out from the descendant population of various parent combinations.By the end of twenty centuries,most created and introduced cultivars have been applied to production after regional tests.At present,sea buckthorn breeding work in China is stepping forward to the direction of high fruit quality and high content of fruit healthy nutrients in addition to the former breeding goal of nonthorn,high quantity and strong adaptation.Various high techniques are employed in researches as well.