耕作方式对伊犁河谷旱地农田土壤物理性质和小麦产量的影响

为探讨耕作方式对新疆旱地农田土壤物理性质及小麦生长的影响,在免耕、传统耕作和深松3种耕作方式下,通过田间取样和室内烘干称重测得新疆旱地农田土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤含水量、土壤三相比值及小麦产量数据。结果表明：不同耕作方式下土壤容重、孔隙度、含水量、三相比R值和产量表现出一定差异。相比于免耕,传统耕作和深松降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤孔隙度、土壤含水量,改善了土壤三相比例,尤其深松处理土壤容重和孔隙度显著改善。小麦产量以深松处理最高,分别比传统耕作、免耕增加20.71%、24.28%。因此,深松有利于改善土壤结构、改良土壤物理性质,促进小麦产量提高。

Effects on Soil Physical Properties and Wheat Yield: Tillage Methods in Arid Farmland in Ili River Valley

The aim is to explore the effects of tillage methods on soil physical properties and wheat growth in arid farmland of Xinjiang. The soil bulk density, porosity, soil water content, soil three-phase ratio and wheat yield were measured by field sampling and laboratory drying weighing under three tillage modes of no-tillage, traditional tillage and subsoiling. The results showed that soil bulk density, porosity, water content, three- phase ratio R and yield showed some differences under different tillage methods. Compared with no-tillage, traditional tillage and subsoiling reduced soil bulk density, increased soil porosity and soil water content, and improved the three-phase ratio of soil. In particular, the subsoiling treatment significantly improved soil bulk density and porosity, and obtained the highest yield of wheat, which increased by 20.71% and 24.28% respectively compared with that of traditional tillage and no- tillage. Therefore, subsoiling is conducive to improving soil structure, soil physical properties and wheat yield.