人工湿地污水处理系统中芦苇和茭白生理特性及抗逆性研究

为比较人工湿地污水处理系统中芦苇(Phragmites communis)和茭白(Zizania aquatica)的生理特性及抗逆性,本研究选择山西省襄汾县污水处理厂人工湿地系统,采集湿地和对照土壤中的芦苇和茭白的叶和根样本,测定其生理指标、抗逆性指标。同时检测湿地土壤基本理化性质。结果表明,湿地芦苇和茭白叶中叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和MDA的含量比对照组增加（分别由23.56 mg/g、15.89 mg/g;0.98 g/L、1.43 g/L;0.11 nmol/mg protein、0.29 nmol/mg protein增加至44.27mg/g、33.17 mg/g;2.10 g/L、2.61 g/L;0.7 nmol/mg protein、1.01 nmol/mg protein）,但无显著性差异;芦苇和茭白叶中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、根中可溶性蛋白含量和根中细胞色素氧化酶P450(CYP450)活性与对照组相比显著性增加（分别由0.32 U/mg protein、32.68 U/mg protein;0.09 g/L、0.38 g/L;176.98 U/mg protein、39.96 U/mg protein增加至54.73 U/mg protein、43.79 U/mg protein;0.11 g/L、0.45 g/L;361.46 U/mg protein、50.79 U/mg protein）。与茭白相比,湿地芦苇中MDA含量较低、SOD活性高、CYP450活性增加。结果说明,芦苇和茭白均是良好的人工湿地修复植物,SOD、CYP450保护酶的共同作用及可溶性蛋白和叶绿素增加是植物对逆境的一种适应反应,且芦苇的抗胁迫能力相对优于茭白。芦苇根可溶性蛋白和茭白根SOD分别与根中磷或钾呈显著正相关,说明植物生化指标与土壤养分密切相关。

Physiological Characteristics and Stress Resistance of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica: in Artificial Wetland Sewage Treatment System

To compare the physiological characteristics and stress resistance of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica in artificial wetland sewage treatment system, the artificial wetland system of Xiangfen County Wastewater Treatment Plant in Shanxi Province was selected in this study. The leaf and root samples of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica in wetland and control soil were collected, and the physiological indexes and stress resistance indexes were measured. The basic physical and chemical properties of the wetland were also detected. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica leaves in the wetland were increased compared with those of the control (from 23.56 mg/g, 15.89 mg/g; 0.98 g/L, 1.43 g/L; 0.11 nmol/mg protein, 0.29 nmol/mg protein increased to 44.27 mg/g, 33.17 mg/g; 2.10 g/L, 2.61 g/L; 0.7 nmol/mg protein, 1.01 nmol/ mg protein, respectively), but there was no obvious difference. The SOD activities in leaves, the soluble protein contents and CYP450 activities in roots of Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica were significantly enhanced compared with those of the control (from 0.32 U/mg protein, 32.68 U/mg protein; 0.09 g/L, 0.38 g/L; 176.98 U/mg protein, 39.96 U/mg protein increased to 54.73 U/mg protein, 43.79 U/mg protein; 0.11 g/L, 0.45 g/L; 361.46 U/mg protein, 50.79 U/mg protein, respectively). Compared with Zizania aquatica, the MDA content in Phragmites communis in the wetland was lower, while the activities of SOD and CYP450 were higher. These results suggest that both Phragmites communis and Zizania aquatica are good restoration plants in artificial wetland. The interaction of SOD and CYP450 and the increase of soluble protein and chlorophyll showing an adaptive response of plants to stress, and the stress resistance ability of Phragmites communis is relatively better than that of Zizania aquatica. Besides, there is a significantly positive correlation between Phragmites communis root soluble protein or Zizania aquatica root SOD and phosphorus (P) or potassium (K) in roots, indicating that plant biochemical indicators are closely related to soil nutrients.