秸秆还田对干旱区滴灌玉米生产及土壤微生物的影响

【目的】研究新疆北疆干旱区长期连作滴灌玉米不同秸秆还田量对玉米生产及土壤微生物多样性的影响,为该地区玉米秸秆高效还田提供科学依据。【方法】设计还田量为18、9、0 t/hm²的秸秆还田3个处理,利用自动微生物鉴定系统(Biolog-Eco),研究干旱区滴灌条件下玉米秸秆还田对土壤微生物群落功能多样性及对玉米生长、产量和品质的影响。【结果】秸秆还田能够显著提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用程度,增加土壤微生物物种的多样性和群落物种的均匀度;秸秆还田造成的土壤微生物群落功能多样性的差异主要表现在对碳水化合物类、多聚物类、氨基酸类碳源的利用程度上;秸秆还田可在生育期的中后期显著增加玉米干物质积累量,玉米秸秆还田量为18和9 t/hm²较秸秆不还田分别增产13.56%和5.48%;与秸秆不还田相比18 t/hm²秸秆还田可显著增加玉米籽粒蛋白质含量和脂肪含量,分别增加0.43%和0.39%。【结论】秸秆还田可改善土壤微生物功能多样性,提高玉米产量、品质。

Effects of Straw Returning on Maize Production and Soil Microorganism under Drip Irrigation in Arid Regions

【Objective】 Xinjiang is one of the most important maize producing areas in China. The project aims to study the effects of straw returning amounts on maize production and soil microbial diversity under drip irrigation in the arid region of northern Xinjiang in the hope of providing a scientific basis for achieving the win-win between soil and crops, and theoretical support for the sustainable development of agriculture.【Method】By designing straw returning test with the amounts of 18 t/hm², 9 t/hm² and 0 t/hm² under drip irrigation in arid regions, the maize biomass, grain yield and quality of grain were studied. And the functional diversity of the soil microbial communities was also detected using automatic microbial identification system (Biolog-Eco).【Result】The results showed that straw returning to fields could significantly improve the utilization of carbon sources by soil microbes significantly and positive changes had taken place in the diversity of soil microbial species and the evenness of community species. The difference in soil microbial community functional diversity caused by straw returning was mainly reflected in the degree of utilization of carbohydrates, polymers, and amino acid carbon sources; Straw returning could also significantly increase the dry weight accumulation of maize in the middle and late stages of growth period. The treatments of 18 t/hm² and 9 t/hm² increased maize yield by 13.56% and 5.48% compared to 0 t/hm² treatment; Protein and fat contents of maize grain significantly increased by 0.43% and 0.39% under 18 t/hm² compared with 0 t/hm².【Conclusion】Under the condition of this study, straw returning to fields can improve soil microbial functional diversity and increase maize yield and quality.