柑橘砧木对酸碱耐性的评价

中国南方许多地区因土壤pH值偏高或偏低,严重影响柑橘的产量和质量。筛选适合不同pH环境的优良砧木对改善柑橘的生产条件具有重要意义。以扁平橘、朱橘、汕头酸橘、枸头橙、卡里佐枳橙、尼8047、道县野橘和聂都野橘等8种柑橘砧木实生苗为试验材料,在酸性(pH 3.5)和碱性(pH 9.0)营养液栽培条件下调查叶片症状并测定叶片中与抗逆性紧密相关的丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性等指标,通过聚类和隶属函数分析,综合评价不同砧木对酸、碱的耐性。分析结果表明:叶片表型症状的观察结果与生理生化指标分析结果基本一致;在酸性(pH 3.5)条件下,汕头酸橘、尼8047和扁平橘表现出较强的耐性,聂都野橘和道县野橘较为敏感;在碱性(pH 9.0)条件下,朱橘、枸头橙和扁平橘表现出较强耐性,而聂都野橘和道县野橘的耐性较弱。扁平橘在酸、碱环境下均表现出较强的适应性,是一个具有一定应用潜力的优良砧木。

Evaluation of Citrus Rootstocks for the Tolerance to Acidity/alkaline Stresses

The acidity or alkaline soil in many areas of south China is the main abiotic stress for citrus plants.Selection of rootstocks tolerant to high or low pH condition is very important for citrus production.In this study,8 different citrus rootstocks including Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata Blanco),Zhuju (C.reticulata Blanco),Shantou Suanju (C.reticulata Blanco),‘ Goutou’ sour orange (C.aurantium L.),Carrizo Citrange (C.sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata),Ni 8047 (C.junos),Daoxian Yeju (C.daoxinensis Blanco) and Niedu Yeju (C.reticulate Blanco) were used as materials to evaluate the acidity and alkaline tolerances and screen for the superior rootstocks with better tolerance.Under acidic and alkaline treatments (pH 3.5 and pH 9.0),the symptoms of plant were observed.Meanwhile,the physiological and biochemical parameters related to the abiotic stresses tolerance such as MDA (malondialdehyde),soluble protein,Pro (proline),SOD (superoxide dismutase),POD (peroxidase) and CAT(catalase)were measured.The clustering and comprehensive subordinate function analysis were performed to evaluate the stresses tolerance.The results indicated that observed symptoms were consistent with the measurements of parameters.The Shantou Suanju,Shiikuwasha and Ni 8047 showed great tolerance to low pH stress (pH 3.5),while Daoxian Yeju and Niedu Yeju were susceptible.Zhuju,‘Goutou’ sour orange and Shiikuwasha possessed good adaptability to alkaline condition,while Daoxian Yeju and Niedu Yeju were sensitive.Shiikuwasha demonstrated better tolerance to both high and low pH stresses with great potential to be used as rootstock or breeding material.