新疆吐鲁番地区‘无核白’葡萄水分和矿质元素周年吸收规律研究

为探究新疆吐鲁番地区‘无核白’葡萄水分和矿质元素的周年吸收规律,以4年生‘无核白’葡萄为试材,采用密闭式营养液循环供给系统栽培,避免了水分和矿质元素的流失,并设置低、中、高浓度(0.5、1.0和1.5倍标准配方浓度)的Hoagland营养液处理。在葡萄植株的生长发育过程中持续测定营养生长(新梢长度、新梢粗度、叶片面积)和生殖生长(果粒横径、果粒纵径、单果质量、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸)指标,检测和计算了不同发育阶段葡萄植株对水分和矿质元素的吸收量,并测定葡萄叶片和果实中矿质元素的含量变化。结果表明,中浓度营养液栽培的‘无核白’葡萄长势中庸,果实品质最佳,作为吐鲁番地区葡萄水分和矿质营养吸收量的参考依据,其生理需水量为每年4 149.5m~3·hm~(-2),矿质元素每公顷的吸收量分别为N 227.9 kg,P 22.9 kg,K 325.9 kg,Ca 341.8 kg,Mg 117.8 kg,Fe 1.9 kg,Mn 460.6 g,Cu 182.3 g,Zn 198.1 g,B 728.3 g。花后47~75 d,‘无核白’葡萄植株的水分和矿质元素吸收速率最大。叶片和果实中的矿质元素含量总体呈高浓度营养液处理中浓度营养液处理低浓度营养液处理的趋势。

Water and Mineral Elements Uptake Patterns of'Thompson Seedless' Grapevine in Turpan,Xinjiang

To investigate the uptake patterns of water and mineral elements at different phenological stages of grapevines in Turpan,four-year-old'Thompson Seedless' grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) were cultivated in a closed and recycled nutrition supply system to avoid leakage and evaporation of nutrient solution.The concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution were set as low level (0.5-fold standard formula concentration),medium level (1-fold standard formula concentration) and high level (1.5-fold standard formula concentration).During the growth and development of grapevine,the vegetative growth indicators (shoot length,shoot base diameter and leaf area) and reproductive growth indicators (transverse diameter,vertical diameter,single berry weight,yield,soluble solid content and titratable acid content) were measured continuously.The amount of water and mineral elements uptake by the grapevine were calculated according to the decrease of nutrient solution after circulating in a period of time.The concentrations of mineral elements in leaves and berries were measured at different phenological stages.The results showed that in average,4 149.5 m3 · hm2 nutritional solution could be uptaken in a year by 1 hm2 grapevine,which contained mineral elements of:N 227.9 kg,P 22.9 kg,K 325.9 kg,Ca 341.8 kg,Mg 117.8 kg,Fe 1.9 kg,Mn 460.6 g,Cu 182.3 g,Zn 198.1 g,B 728.3 g.Forty-seven to seventy-five days after anthesis,the water and mineral element uptake rate of the grapevine reached its maximum.The mineral element content in the leaves and berries presented in a sequence of high concentration treatment ＞ mediun concentration treatment ＞ low concentration treatment.