二硝基苯胺除草剂对大豆生育影响的研究

作者于1981～1983年所作的系统田间与盆栽试验证明,二硝基苯胺类除草剂中的氟乐灵、二甲戊乐灵对大豆苗期生育有明显抑制作用,表现为:(1)出苗延迟,幼芽下胚轴肿胀、脆弱、矮化,子叶革质状,单位面积用药量对幼芽矮化的影响比混土深浅大;(2)侧根显著受抑制,这种抑制作用局限于药土层,混土深度对大豆侧根的抑制比用药量高低的影响更显著;(3)根瘤菌形成受抑制,根瘤数减少,叶面积减小。随着大豆生长,上述抑制作用逐步消失,对大豆产量无显著影响。在供试3种除草剂中,丁乐灵对大豆生育无影响。从安全、经济、高效考虑,氟乐灵与二甲戊乐灵的适宜用量为1.0公斤,丁乐灵为1.5公斤/公顷,将药剂施于大豆种子之上的土层为宜,亦即施药后耙地不宜过深,将药剂混拌于0～6厘米土层为佳。

A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES TO THE GROWTH OF SOYBEAN

The experimental results obtained in 1981-1983 showed that trifluralin and penoxalin significantly inhibits both root and shoot growth and development of soybean seedlings,The emergence of seedlings was delayed hypocotyl was swelled, fragile and stunted. The cotyledon was leathery,the dosage was more inhibitive to shoot growth than the depth of incorporation. The inhibition of lateral or secondary root formation in young soybean plants was observed in soil layer incorporated with herbicides,the depth of incorporation was more inhibitory than the dosage. The nodulation of soybean was also inhibited by herbicides, causing the quantity decreased and the leaf-area reduced, but such injuries disappeared gradually as the plants growing up. None of the herbicides influenced soybean yield. The butralin has no phytotoxicity to soybean plants. This study suggests a promising way to minimize the inhibitory effect of trifluralin and penoxalin to soybean plants.