整枝方式与种植密度对蒜套棉产量和品质的效应

以棉花抗虫杂交种鲁棉研15号(F1)为材料,在鲁西南3个不同的地点,研究了整枝方式(去叶枝、留叶枝)与种植密度(2.7、3.3、3.9、4.5万株·hm-2)对棉花产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明,整枝方式和种植密度对棉花纤维品质的影响不显著,但对棉花产量有显著的互作效应,3.3万株·hm-2×留叶枝、2.7万株·hm-2×留叶枝和3.3万株·hm-2×去叶枝的组合比传统栽培(2.7万株·hm-2×去叶枝)分别增产20.4%、9.2%和10%,也显著高于其他处理组合;生物产量分别提高了13.7%、27.8%和11.6%,而经济系数只降低了5.3%、11.5%和4.5%。在维持较高经济系数和铃重的基础上增加生物产量和铃数是该3个处理组合显著增产的原因,适当提高密度并配合简化整枝是实现蒜套棉高产高效的重要技术途径。

Effects of Plant Pruning and Plant Population Density on Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton in a Garlic-cotton Intercropping System

Field experiments were conducted in three sites to study the effects of plant pruning mode (with or without vegetative branches) and plant density (2.7×10⁴, 3.3×10⁴, 3.9×10⁴, 4.5×10⁴ plants·hm^-2) on yield and fiber quality of cotton in a garlic-cotton intercropping system in southwestern Shandong province. The results showed that pruning mode, planting density or their interaction had no significant effect on cotton fiber quality, but there existed a significant interaction effect of pruning mode and planting density on cotton yield. Three combinations, 3.3×10⁴ plants·hm-2 with vegetative branches(VB), 2.7×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 with VB, and 3.3×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 without VB, improved lint yield by 20.4%, 9.2% and 10%, respectively, compared with the traditional cultivation method(2.7×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 without VB). They were also significantly higher than other treatment combinations in lint yield. Increased plant density, maitaining VB or their combination significantly increased biomass, but decreased the harvest index. Compared with traditional cultivation method, 3.3×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 with VB, 2.7×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 with VB and 3.3×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 without VB increased biomass by 13.7%, 27.8% and 11.6%, decreased harvest index by 5.3%, 11.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Significant improvement on lint yield by the three combinations was attributed to the increased biomass and total number of bolls per unit area on the basis of maintaining relatively higher harvest index and boll weight. It is concluded that appropriate increase in plant density combined with maintaining VB is an important practice to improve cotton yield and benefit in the garlic-cotton intercropping system.