Somaclonal variation in Tricyrtis hirta plants regenerated from 1-year-old embryogenic callus cultures |
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Authors: | Masaru Nakano Toshikazu Nomizu Keiko Mizunashi Mami Suzuki Shiro Mori Sachiko Kuwayama Megumi Hayashi Hiroto Umehara Eriko Oka Hiroyuki Kobayashi Megumi Asano Shintaro Sugawara Hiroki Takagi Hiroyuki Saito Masashi Nakata Toshinari Godo Yoshihiro Hara Junji Amano |
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Affiliation: | aFaculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;bKyoto Prefectural Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 74 Ooji, Kitainayazuma, Seika-Cho, Kyoto 619-0244, Japan;cNishina Accelerator Research Center, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;dBotanic Gardens of Toyama, 42 Kamikutsuwada, Fuchu-Machi, Toyama 939-2713, Japan |
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Abstract: | The Liliaceous perennial Tricyrtis hirta, sometimes called ‘Japanese toad lily’, has recently become popular as an ornamental for pot and garden uses. Highly embryogenic callus cultures of this plant predominately consisted of diploid cells but also contained tetraploid cells after 1 year of establishment. In the present study, plans regenerated from the 1-year-old embryogenic callus cultures were subjected to ploidy level analysis and morphological characterization following 3 years of cultivation. Among 37 plants examined, 28 kept the diploid level (2n = 2x = 26) but nine were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 52) as indicated by FCM analysis and chromosome observation. Although no morphological alterations were detected in 26 out of 28 diploid regenerants, the remaining two showed noticeable variations: both were severely dwarf and had crimped leaves and many malformed flowers. The tetraploid regenerants had several horticulturally attractive characteristics compared with the diploid controls, such as longer shoots, thicker stems, and larger flowers. Thus regeneration of tetraploid plants from 1-year-old embryogenic callus cultures offers a possibility to improve the horticultural value of T. hirta, although regeneration of trueness-to-type plants is essential for utilizing the cultures for micropropagation and genetic transformation. |
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Keywords: | Japanese toad lily Liliaceae Morphological variation Ornamental Tetraploid |
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