江苏省里下河地区“沤改旱”种绿肥的经验

“沤改旱”变一熟为二熟是耕作制度的重大改革,生产上如果安排不当,就会带来很大损失.例如,1958年兴化县林湖公社姚家大队改旱800亩,使三麦面积一下由1164亩扩大到1936亩,由于劳畜力和肥料跟不上,三麦单产平均只有50斤.1959年以后,该队逐年在沤改旱地区扩种绿肥,使绿肥面积由200亩扩大到800亩,粮盒单位面积产量由1959年的260斤上升为1963年的428斤,说明沤改旱后种植绿肥是沤田改良利用的一项有力措施.但一熟沤田地区群众尚缺乏种植绿肥的经验.为此,1963年秋我们在兴化县林湖公社姚家大队和严家公社严家大队沤改旱田上进行种植绿肥和施用磷肥的试验.1964年除继续在上述二点进行试验外,又协助宝应县芦村公社芦南生产队在沤改早的田上进行种绿肥的试验.本文除对沤改旱田上种好绿肥的几项重要措施分别叙述以外,还讨论几个问题.

THE PLANTATION OF GREEN MANURE CROP IN THE ELIMINATION OF A WATER-LOGGED SINGLE RICE CROP PLANTING SYSTEM IN THE LISHAHO REGION, NORTHERN KIANGSU

In order to change the all year round water-logged single rice crop planting system to the rice and winter upland crop rotation system for the rice paddy soils in the Lishaho region of northern Kiangsu, it is necessary to make open ditches for good drainage, to use phosphatic fertilizers or straw ash for the first winter crop, and better to grow a winter green manure crop in the first autumn. Different green manure crops responded to the inoculation of nodule bacteria differently. Inoculation increased the yield of astragalus 2-10 folds, but it did not increase the yield of alfalfa (a kind of annual legume with yellow flower) and vetch. Inoculation seemed to be an indispensible treatment in the extension of Astragalus to a new area in this region. Most of the rice crops in the Lishaho region are harvested from the middle of August to early September. Green manure crops should be sown in the middle of September. In order to save labour and to get a good stand of green manure crops, seeding in hills instead of broadcasting the seeds is to be used in the unplowed fields of rice stubbles.