4种山茶属植物花粉形态的扫描电子显微观察

为了给山茶属植物的研究提供孢粉学资料,验证花粉形态在植物识别与鉴定应用中的可行性,应用扫描电子显微镜对山茶科山茶属4种植物的花粉表面微形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明,4种山茶属植物花粉在形状、大小、P/E值和外壁纹饰等方面均存在明显的种间差异,其花粉外壁纹饰分属不同的类型:金花茶(Camellia nitidissima)网状,凹脉金花茶(Camellia impressinervis)近脑纹状(近蠕虫状纹饰),蒙自连蕊茶(Camellia forrestii)皱波状,贵州连蕊茶(Camellia costi)皱网状,其中,贵州连蕊茶的网脊上密布疣点(疣状突起),可能是一个进化特征;4种植物的P/E值和P值呈明显的正相关(r2=0.827 2),具有较大的P/E值和P值的两种连蕊茶组植物处于较高的进化地位,山茶属不同种植物花粉外壁纹饰和P/E值反映了物种间的差异,也反映出近缘物种间一定的进化和亲缘关系,可为组间分类及进化关系研究提供孢粉学依据。

Observation of Pollen Morphology of Four Species of Genus Camellia under Scanning Electron Microscope

In order to provide palynological information for genus Camellia plant,and verify the feasibility of plant recognition and identification using pollen,four cultivars pollen morphology of Camellia were observed under SEM.The results indicated that obvious differences existed among pollen morphology of four species on shape,size,P/E and exine ornamentation.Exine ornamentation could be recognized as Camellia nitidissima,Camellia impressinervis,Camellia forrestii and Camellia costi.Verrucate in the lophoreticulate of C.costi could be defined as evolution characteristics.Correlation analysis of P/E and P(r2=0.827 2) showed obvious positive correlation.Two species of C.fraternal with high P/E and P should be in the evolution of high status.The pollen exine ornamentation and P/E of different species of Camellia could reflect revolution relationship in certain degree and would serve as palynology basis for study of species classification and revolution relationship.