中国北方一年两作区保护性耕作技术研究

该文主要研究适于中国北方半湿润偏旱区一年两作保护性耕作的技术模式。介绍了在“杨凌农业机械化保护性耕作新技术新机具试验示范园地"建立的小麦玉米一年两作区10种不同机械化保护性耕作的模式、试验方案以及自主研制开发的配套机具的性能;将不同模式与传统犁耕作业模式进行了对比试验与分析研究。结果表明：小麦生长全程秸秆粉碎还田、麦收后玉米免耕播种作业模式与传统犁耕无秸秆覆盖相比,小麦增产53%,玉米增产25％,土壤蓄水量增加1%～1.2%,各类保护性耕作模式土壤有机质平均增加1.03 g/kg 。另外,深松作业增产节水效果优于深耕作业;前茬小麦高留茬玉米免耕播种效果优于低留茬的玉米免耕播种。经济分析还表明,由于作物增产并降低了机械作业成本,保护性耕作技术模式的经济效益明显优于传统犁耕作业。

Conservation tillage techniques for two crops within one year in North China

The objective of this study was to investigate conservation tillage techniques suitable for semi-arid regions in North China. This paper reports on the experiment design and performances of related conservation tillage farm implements. Ten different mechanized patterns of no-till or reduced-tillage for two crops (winter wheat and summer corn) within one year were set up at the Experiment and Demonstration Site for Mechanized New Techniques and Machinery at Yangling, Shaanxi Province and these conservation tillage patterns were compared with conventional tillage. Results show that wheat yield increases by 53% and summer corn yield increases by 25%, average soil water storage increases by 1% to 1.2% at different depths, and average organic matter increases 1.03 g/kg relatively for the conservation tillage system with wheat residue cover and no-till seeding of corn immediately after wheat harvest, compared with conventional bare soil plowing. Moreover, the efficiency of yield increasing and water storage for deep soil loosening was higher than that for deep plowing; no-till seeding of corn on high stubble mulching was better than seeding on low stubble. Finally, the cost-benefit analysis results show that CT resulted in great economic returns than convention tillage due to greater yields and lower production costs resulting from reduced tillage.