采收时期对杭白菊4个新品种矿质元素的影响

为更好地推广杭白菊Chrysanthemum morifolium新品种，进一步提升药材质量，在花蕾、胎菊、幼菊、全菊等4个采收期，分别采摘4个新品种（‘金菊1号“金菊2号“早小洋菊“迟小洋菊’）样品，开展矿质元素的动态积累研究。采用湿法消化法处理样品，通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）、原子吸收光谱法、紫外一可见分光光度法测定杭白菊4个新品种不同采收期的矿质元素，并用主成分分析等统计方法对测定结果进行分析。结果表明：杭白菊4个新品种在4个不同采收期均含有丰富的钾、磷、镁、钙、铁、锰、锌等人体必需矿质元素，采收期对杭白菊中矿质元素质量分数影响明显，花蕾、胎菊高于幼菊和全菊；4个新品种之间存在明显差异（P〈O．05），但无明显差异规律。多数样品重金属总量超出限量范围，‘金菊2号’幼菊和全菊中重金属积累明显低于其他3个品种。解决杭白菊重金属超标的方法研究具有紧迫性和重要的应用价值。

Mineral elements in Chrysanthemum morifolium at different harvest stages

To promote new cultivars of Hangbaiju （Chrysanthemum moriflium） and to improve their quality, dynamic accumulation of mineral elements was carried out at four different harvest stages （＂Hualei Taiju＂ ＂Youju＂, and ＂Quanju＂, that means the bud, ray florets being opened while tubular florets being not opened yet, ray florets being opened while tubular florets being opened 10%-30%, and ray florets being opened while tubular florets being opened 30%-70% respectively）. Samples were selected from four new cultivars （＇Jinju No.l＇, ＇Jinju No.2＇, ＇Early Xiaoyangju＇, ＇Late Xiaoyangju＇） and then digested and determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS）, or ultravio- let-visible （UV-VIS） spectrophotometry. Results showed that during the four different harvest stages, all four new cultivars of Hangbaiju were rich in essential elements such as K, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Har- vest stages of Hangbaiju can influence the content of mineral elements. Material collected in the ＂Hualei＂ and ＂Taiju＂ period had higer content of essential elements than the ＂Youju＂ and ＂Quanju＂ period, but except for ＂Youju＂ and ＂Quanju＂ of ＂Jinju No. 1＂ the total heavy metal content exceeded national standards. This study could provide important application values to help develop special methods for controlling heavy metals in C. parthenium.