杂交大豆昆虫传粉及制种技术研究进展

经过科学家的共同努力,吉林省农科院于2002年审定了世界上第1个大豆杂交种杂交豆1号,并于2006年审定了第2个大豆杂交种。从2000年开始,在封闭及开放条件下,利用苜蓿切叶蜂、蜜蜂、花蓟马等昆虫媒体为大豆传粉,进行不育系繁育及杂交种制种技术的探讨。已经实现在网室内利用蜜蜂及切叶蜂传粉,配制大豆杂交组合和生产小批量杂交种子,不育系结实率达到55.9%～100%;开放条件下,在干旱、有灌溉条件的地区,利用蜜蜂及苜蓿切叶蜂传粉,不育系结实率达到50%～80%,制种产量获得了较理想的结果。吉林省农科院在吉林省西部及内蒙古东部干旱地区,建立了制种基地,进行了较大面积的大豆不育系扩繁及杂交种制种试验,制种技术基本成熟。

Progress in Studies of Insect Pollinators and Seed Producing Techniques of Soybean Hybrids

Through scientists' hard working,'Hybsoy 1',the first variety of hybrid soybean,was examined and approved by Jilin Provincial Variety Examination and Approval Committee in 2002,and 'HybSoy 2' was examined and approved in 2006.From 2000,using of the leaf cutting bee,honeybee and thrips for pollination of soybean,and reproducing of male-sterile line and breeding technology of hybrid soybean was researched not only in net room but also in open fields.The hybrid soybean combination and small amount seed was produced in net room pollinated by honey bee or leaf cutting bee,and the fertility of male-sterile line was about 55.9%-100%.The yield of male-sterile line was about 50-80% in open fields,pollinated by honey bee or leaf cutting bee in dry and irrigating fields.The yield of hybrid seed was quite ideal.Breeding bases has been set up in the dry regions of the western Jilin province and the eastern Inner Mongolia by Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jilin Province.Hybrid soybean was produced at a large scale and experiments were carried out for several years.The seed producing technology was basically ready until now.