6种叶面肥对海南林下栽培金钗石斛生长和品质的影响

为筛选适宜的叶面肥种类,促进金钗石斛生长和提高其品质,以海南林下栽培的金钗石斛为试材,采用喷雾处理的方式,研究3种化学叶面肥和3种有机叶面肥对金钗石斛生长和品质的影响。结果表明：所有施肥处理均增加了金钗石斛的分蘖数、叶片数、茎节数、茎粗和株高,不同程度提高了金钗石斛的鲜重、干重、干鲜比和叶绿素含量,同时也提高了金钗石斛多糖和总生物碱含量,因此喷施叶面肥有利于促进金钗石斛生长和改善金钗石斛品质。3种化学肥料中,沃生促进金钗石斛生长和改善金钗石斛品质的性能优于磷酸二氢钾,其次是碧护;与对照相比,沃生显著提高了金钗石斛的茎粗、鲜重、干重、叶片SPAD值、多糖和石斛总生物碱含量,增长率分别达到21.87%、35.68%、39.50%、7.96%、15.01%和9.89%。3种有机肥料中,黄腐酸钾促进金钗石斛生长和改善金钗石斛品质的性能优于杜高活力藻,其次是海岛素;与对照相比,黄腐酸钾显著提高了金钗石斛的茎粗、鲜重和干重,增长率分别达到20.68%、28.39%和34.50%。因此,沃生和黄腐酸钾对金钗石斛生长和品质改善明显,可以作为海南林下栽培金钗石斛的叶面肥。

Effects of Six Different Foliage Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Dendrobium nobile Cultivating under Forest in Hainan,China

In order to select suitable types of leaf fertilizer, promote the growth and improve the quality of Dendrobium nobilis, the effects of three chemical leaf fertilizers and three organic leaf fertilizers on the growth and quality of D. nobilis were studied by spray treatment. All fertilizer treatments increased tiller number, leaf number, stem section number, stem diameter and the plant height of D. nobilis, fresh weight, dry weight, FW/DW ratio and chlorophyll content in different degrees, but also improved the polysaccharides and total alkaloid content, thus spraying the leaf fertilizer could promote the growth and quality of D. nobilis. Among the three chemical fertilizers, the performance of promoting the growth and improving the quality of Wosheng was better than that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, followed by Bihu. Compared with the control group, the stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, SPAD value, polysaccharide and total alkaloid content of D. nobilis were significantly increased after spraying Wosheng, and the growth rate was 21.87%, 35.68%, 39.50%, 7.96%, 15.01% and 9.89%, respectively. Among the three organic fertilizers, the performance of promoting the growth and improving the quality of potassium fulvic acid was better than that of Duligao, followed by Haidaosu. Compared with the control group, potassium fulvic acid significantly increased the stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of D. nobilis by 20.68%, 28.39% and 34.50%, respectively. Therefore, Wosheng and potassium fulvic acid significantly improved the growth and quality of D. nobile and could be used as foliar fertilizer for D. nobile cultivating under forest in Hainan.