碳达峰、碳中和目标下全球气候治理新格局与林草发展机遇

自2020年9月以来，习近平总书记在多个国际重要场合发表重要讲话，向国际社会郑重宣布中国二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和，2030年森林蓄积量将比2005年增加60亿m3。目前，全球已有54个国家实现了碳达峰，且越来越多的国家正在将碳中和转化为国家发展战略。文中梳理了碳达峰、碳中和的概念、要求和进展；分析了面向碳达峰、碳中和，国际谈判重点议题的变化、美国立场的不确定性等全球气候治理新格局，及其对中国的影响；提出在新格局下，森林湿地草原等生态系统碳汇作用将更加凸显，以及我国林草业应对气候变化的关键点，以期充分发挥我国林草业在助推碳中和目标实现中的潜力，并在保障国家外交战略和促进绿色发展中作出贡献。

New Pattern of Global Climate Governance and Opportunities for Forest and Grassland Development Under the Targets of Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality

Since September 2020, President Xi Jinping has delivered important speeches on many important international occasions, solemnly announcing to the world that China will strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, and increase forest stock by 6 billion m3 above 2005 levels by 2030. At present, 54 countries have reached a carbon emission peak, and more and more countries are including carbon neutrality into their national development strategies. This paper reviews the concepts, the requirements and the progress of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality, expounds the new pattern of global climate governance including the changes in the key issues negotiated internationally, the instability of the United States in its positions, etc., and its influences on China. It is proposed that under the new pattern, forest, wetland and grassland should give a prominent play to carbon sink. The key points for forest and grassland in response to climate change in China are put forward, in order to realize the full potential of China's forests and grassland for achieving carbon neutrality goals and to make contributions to implementing the national diplomatic strategy and promoting green development.