水煤浆气化渣对毛乌素沙地土壤改良与菊芋生长的促进效应研究

我国水煤浆气化渣生产量巨大，农业利用是提高其综合利用水平的重要途径之一。本文通过大田试验研究了水煤浆气化渣用于改良砂土、栽培菊芋的效果；大田试验设计施用水煤浆气化渣（10500 kg hm?2）和不施用施用水煤浆气化渣（对照）2个处理。结果表明:播种前，与对照处理相比，施用水煤浆气化渣处理的0 ~ 20 cm土层土壤pH值提高2.09%、全盐含量降低9.5%，速效钾、碱解氮、全氮、有效磷的含量分别提高了31.91%、254.2%、108.00%、52.74%，土壤含水量增加显著；种植菊芋结束后，施用水煤浆气化渣处理的0 ~ 20 cm土层土壤速效钾、全氮、有效磷含量分别比对照处理提高了26.19%、440%、29.8%和416%，pH值和全盐含量降低6.38%和27.8%；同时施用水煤浆气化渣，土壤pH值升高了8.65%，全盐含量下降13.04%，碱解氮降低了83.90%，土壤全氮、有效磷分别提高了211.86%和64.00%；施用水煤浆气化渣处理的菊芋株高、根深、茎粗、地上生物量和产量比对照提高18.56%、26.77%、3.54%、12.57%和6.21%。说明施用水煤浆气化渣和种植菊芋具有改良沙化土壤的作用，且施用水煤浆气化渣能够明显促进菊芋生长。

Effects of Coal Water Slurry Gasification Slag on Soil Improvement and Jerusalem Artichoke Growth in Mu Us Sandy Land

The emission of coal water slurry gasification slag is in large quantity in China, how to use it reasonably in agricultural activities is significant to improve the comprehensive utilization of coal water slurry gasification slag. In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of coal water slurry gasification slag and Jerusalem artichoke on improving sandy soil. The results showed that: The soil water content of 0-20 cm depth increased by 2.09% compared with the initial value, and the total salt content decreased by 9.5%. The contents of available potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter in soil were increased by 31.91%, 254.2%, 108.00%, 52.74% and 3988.4%, respectively, compared with the soil without coal water slurry gasification slag. After the application of gasification slag, the soil water content in the surface layer (0-20 cm depth) was increased significantly, but there was no significant change in the depth of 20 - 50 cm; After planting Jerusalem artichoke, the contents of soil available potassium, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter were increased by 26.19%, 440%, 29.8% and 416%, respectively. While soil pH and total salt content were decreased by 6.38% and 27.8%, respectively. When the application of coal water slurry gasification slag with Jerusalem artichoke, soil pH value, soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased by 8.65%, 211.86% and 64%, respectively, while total salt content and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were decreased by 13.04% and 83.90%, respectively; In the growth period of Jerusalem artichoke, the plant height, root depth, stem diameter, aboveground biomass and yield of the experimental group were increased by 18.56%, 26.77%, 3.54%, 12.57% and 6.21% compared to control, respectively. These results were suggested that there were certain effects on the improvement of water content and soil fertility in sandy soil by applying coal water slurry gasification slag and planting Jerusalem artichoke. At the same time, the application of coal water slurry gasification slag could obviously promote the growth of Jerusalem artichoke.