探索促进寄生蜂生殖力的蜜源植物共性特征

通过布局合适的蜜源植物，以提高农田生态系统的害虫防控服务，已成为一种常用的生境管理技术。然而，如何筛选理想的蜜源植物是保护生物防治中迫切需要解决的现实问题。本研究通过室内试验构建蜜源植物对寄生蜂寄生能力影响的数据库，分析了不同蜜源植物的效应值与寄生蜂和蜜源植物关键生态特征的相关性。结果表明，花序类型是筛选蜜源植物的最重要特征，其中复伞形花序植物的花对寄生蜂寄生能力的促进作用最显著，而花单生、头状花序和穗状花序植物的对寄生蜂寄生能力的促进作用不明显。赤眼蜂等微小型寄生蜂的生殖潜力的高低对其取食蜜源植物后的寄生能力影响不显著。寄生蜂的寄主类型、种群类型等不会影响蜜源植物对赤眼蜂的寄生能力。

Exploring the Shared Ecological Traits of Nectary Plants for Promoting Parasitism of Parasitoids

Nectar-rich flowering plants in field margins can increase the fitness of natural enemies of crop pests. Providing suitable flowering plants in agro-system is one of the most common habitat management techniques that can promote conservation biological control of ecosystem services. However, selecting the ideal nectar-providing plant to enhance natural enemies becomes a practical problem that is to be urgently solved in conservation biological control. A series of tests were conducted to measure the fecundity of different parasitoids with 25 plant species under laboratory conditions. The results showed that flowering generally increased fecundity of parasitoids, but there were exceptions. The trait that was significantly related to the fecundity of parasitoids across observations was the plant inflorescence type. Compound umbel inflorescence was indicator of parasitoid fecundity, while the capitulum, solitary and spike inflorescence was not. Nectar plants have little influence on parasitism of tiny wasps such as Trichogramma. The hosts or geographical origin of parasitoids showed no significant influence on parasitism of Trichogramma wasps when they feed on flowering plants.