退化林修复研究进展

退化林的基本内涵是森林生产力和生态服务功能出现逆向改变。国内外研究表明，过度采伐和外来树种干扰是引发森林退化的重要人为因素之一，而干旱是重要的自然因素之一。退化林修复技术研究主要集中在修复方式选择、乡土树种选育和土壤微生物利用等方面。自然恢复过程高度可变，人工辅助成本较高且效果良莠不齐，在景观水平上可将2种策略互补使用，以提高修复效果，降低实施成本；乡土树种比外来树种有更好的立地适应性且生态风险较小，在大多数情况下应采取自然修复和以乡土树种为主的人工修复相结合的综合修复措施；土壤微生物在增强土壤养分循环和促进植物生长方面具有重要作用，其中固氮微生物是最主要的成员，土壤真菌能够辅助细菌更好地发挥作用，充分利用土壤微生物可以有效促进退化林分的恢复。我国森林退化现状与世界各地森林退化情况基本一致，但退化林的成因有其特殊的历史性。在退化林修复工作中应因地制宜制定修复策略，及时调整抚育间伐措施和财政补贴政策，将森林经营系统化，确保退化林修复效果。

Progress of Degraded Forests Restoration Research

Fundamentally, the degraded forest refers to those with reversed changes in productivity and ecological service functions. The studies both at home and abroad show that over-logging and the interference of exotic tree species are important artificial drivers of forest degradation while drought is one of the important natural drivers. The research on degraded forest restoration technologies be mainly focused on the restoration method, native species selection and breeding, soil microorganism utilization, etc. With the natural restoration, the final result can be unpredictable, while the manual interference cost remains high and the effects are not always good. Considering the landscape, the 2 methods can be used to supplement each other for better effect and lower cost. Since the native species usually can adapt to sites better and generate less risks than exotic species, the comprehensive restoration measures are usually adopted in most cases, featuring the combination of natural restoration and artificial restoration using native species. Soil microorganisms are important to nutrient cycling and plant growth, of which the fungi can assist the bacterium to function better. Making full use of the soil microorganisms will effectively facilitate the restoration of degraded forests. The forest degradation occurring in China is basically the same as that experienced by the whole world, but is caused by some special historical reasons. In the restoration of degraded forest, restoration strategies should be formulated according to local conditions, the policies in relation to thinning and financial subsidy should be adjusted timely, and forest management should be systematized to ensure the restoration effect.