基于高通量测序技术分析不同耕作方式下水稻根际土壤真菌多样性

为研究不同耕作方式下水稻根际土壤真菌群落多样性,本研究以旋耕、免耕和粉垄耕作处理的水稻根际土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术分析了真菌群落结构和多样性,并结合土壤环境因子进行相关性分析。结果表明：3种耕作处理水稻根际土壤中优势菌门为子囊菌门、接合菌门、担子菌门和球囊菌门,优势菌属为镰刀菌属、被孢霉属、Pyrenochaetopsis、柄孢壳属、毛壳菌属、支顶孢属、隐球菌属、Westerdykella、顶囊壳属、绿僵菌属。接合菌门和被孢霉属、支顶孢属、隐球菌属、顶囊壳属真菌相对丰度在不同处理间差异显著。Alpha多样性指数分析显示,3种耕作处理间无显著差异。PCoA分析表明,不同耕作处理下的土壤真菌群落分布特征存在明显差异。冗余分析表明前两个排序轴共解释了3种耕作处理间土壤真菌群落变化的87.46%。相关性分析显示,土壤pH与接合菌门真菌丰度呈极显著正相关关系,土壤速效磷、碱解氮和有机质含量与接合菌门真菌丰度呈极显著负相关关系,土壤速效磷与担子菌门真菌丰度呈显著正相关关系。综上表明,短期不同耕作方式处理下水稻根际土壤真菌群落结构和多样性存在差异,不同处理下真菌群落分布受土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮和速效磷影响。

Diversity Analysis of Fungal in Rhizosphere Soils of Rice under Different Tillage Methods Based on High-throughput Sequencing Technique

To study the diversity of the rhizosphere soil fungal communities in rice under different tillage practices, this research was carried out using rotary tillage, no tillage, smash and ridging tillage treatments. The structure and diversity of fungal communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing techniques in the rhizosphere soil, and Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed combined with soil environmental factors. Ascomycota, Zygomycota Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota were the dominant phyla, and Fusarium, Mortierella, Pyrenochaetopsis, Zopfiella, Chaetomium, Acremonium, Cryptococcus, Westerdykella, Gaeumannomyces, Metarhizium were the top10 dominant genera in the rice rhizosphere soils of the three tillage treatments. Relative abundance of Zygomycota and Mortierella, Acremonium, Cryptococcus and Gaeumannomyces among the three treatments was significantly different. Alpha diversity index analysis showed no significant differences among the three farming treatments. Principal co-ordinates analysis showed that the distribution characteristics of the soil fungal communities under different tillage treatments were significantly different. Redundancy analysis showed that the variation of the soil fungal communities was 87.46% by the first two ranking axes together among the three tillage treatments. The Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that soil pH was highly significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Zygomycota fungi. While the content of soil available phosphorus, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen and organic matter was highly significantly negatively correlated with the abundance of Zygomycota fungi. And the content of soil available phosphorus was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Basidiomycota fungi. In summary, it is shown that the structure and diversity of the rhizosphere soil fungal communities in rice are different under short-term different tillage treatments. The distribution of fungal communities is influenced by soil pH, organic matter, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus.