宁夏引黄灌区生态承载力分析

为探究宁夏引黄灌区生态承载力和可持续发展情况,基于生态足迹法,通过生态服务价值当量对生态足迹模型中的通用均衡因子和产量因子进行本地化,定量评价引黄灌区2010—2019年不同土地利用生态承载力状况,并将生态承载力结果与通用因子计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)优化后均衡因子的 平均值为水域(11.735)＞林地(1.561)＞草地(0.901)＞耕地(0.785)＞建筑用地(0.073)＞未利用地(0.027),产量因子均值为耕地=建筑用地(1.701)＞水域(1.681)＞林地(1.680)＞草地(0.684),较好地反映宁夏引黄灌区生态系统提供生产服务的能力和国家水平的差异。(2)2010—2019年,宁夏引黄灌区生态承载力和生态足迹的总体变化趋势是先下降再提高,生态足迹始终小于生态承载力。(3)研究区内人均生态承载力一直在提高,生态盈余不断扩大,生态质量不断提高。宁夏引黄灌区生态承载力和生态足迹的研究,为区域的生态建设提供理论支持,对于以点带面助推黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展具有重要意义。

Analysis of Ecological Carrying Capacity of Ningxia Yellow Diversion Irrigation Area

In order to investigate the ecological carrying capacity and sustainable development of the Ningxia Yellow Diversion Irrigation Area, based on the ecological footprint method, the ecological service value equivalent was used to localize the general equilibrium factor and yield factor in the ecological footprint model to quantitatively evaluate the ecological carrying capacity of different land uses in the Yellow Diversion Irrigation Area from 2010 to 2019, and the ecological carrying capacity results were compared with the results of the general factor. The results showed that: (1) the average value of the optimized equilibrium factor was waters (11.735) > forest land (1.561) > grassland (0.901) > cropland (0.785) > building land (0.073) > unused land (0.027), and the mean value of the yield factor is cropland = building land (1.701) > watershed (1.681) > forest land (1.680) > grassland (0.684), which better reflects the ecosystem of Ningxia Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area capacity to provide production services and differences in national levels. (2) From 2010 to 2019, the overall trend of the ecological carrying capacity and ecological footprint of the Ningxia Diversion and Irrigation Area was to first decline and then increase, and the ecological footprint was always smaller than the ecological carrying capacity. (3) The ecological carrying capacity per capita in the study area had been increasing, the ecological surplus had been expanding, and the ecological quality had been improving. The study of the ecological carrying capacity and ecological footprint of the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area provides theoretical support for the ecological construction of the region, and is of great significance in promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin by leading from a single point.