辽宁省主栽水稻品种高产群体形成规律研究

为构建东北平原南部水稻高产群体,揭示其产量形成规律,以辽宁省主栽高产水稻品种辽粳401和辽粳212为试材,进行了不同栽培密度试验。结果表明,高密度处理（行株距20.0 cm×13.3 cm）单位面积有效穗数显著增加,从而获得较高的产量水平,但与低密度处理（行株距30.0 cm×20.0 cm）的产量差异不显著。在低密度处理下,虽然有效穗数少,但每穗粒数增加,因此也具有相对较高的产量水平。高密度行株距配置可构建依靠增加群体分蘖数量和较多物质积累而获得高产的多穗型群体,低密度行株距配置可构建促进物质转移转化、提高收获指数形成大穗大粒而获得高产的大粒型群体。可见,通过平衡有效穗数和穗粒数二者之间的关系,保证群体颖花量,同时确保较高的结实率和千粒重,可获得稳定高产群体。

Study on Formation Rule of High Yield Population of Main Rice Varieties in Liaoning Province

In order to establish high-yielding population of rice and reveal its yield formation rule in the southern Northeast Plain, an experiment with different cultivation densities was conducted, with the main high-yielding rice varieties Liaogeng 401 and Liaogeng 212 in Liaoning Province as test materials. The results showed that the effective panicles number per unit area increased significantly in the high planting density treatment （row spacing 20.0 cm×13.3 cm）, resulting in a higher yield, but the yield difference was not significant with the low planting density treatment （row spacing 30.0 cm×20.0 cm）. Under the low planting density treatment, although the number of effective panicles is small, but the number of grains per panicle increases, so it also has a relatively high yield level. High planting density can build a multi-spike population that relies on increasing the number of tillers and more material accumulation in the population to obtain high yield. While low planting density can build a large-grain population by promoting material transfer and transformation, improving harvest index and forming large panicle and grain to obtain high yield. It can be seen that by balancing the relationship between the effective number of spikes and the number of grains per spike, ensuring the number of spikelets in the population, while ensuring a higher seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight, a stable and high-yield population can be obtained.