基于RS与GIS的旗山森林公园景观格局变迁分析

基于野外调查，以景观生态学理论为指导，以福建省旗山森林公园为研究对象，解译了研究区1996年、2002年、2010年、2015年4期Landsat TM遥感影像数据，运用景观指数分析方法对森林公园景观格局变迁进行量化分析，探讨了海拔、坡度和坡向等自然因素及产业产值、人口数量和人均支配收入等人文因素对森林公园景观格局变化的影响。结果表明：在1996—2015年，竹类面积急剧减少后呈现上下波动趋势，混交林面积大幅度增加后缓慢减少，建设用地面积缓慢减少后逐渐增加，阔叶林面积急剧减少后趋于稳定，针叶林面积缓慢减少后逐渐增长；阔叶林、针叶林、竹林和建设用地主要向混交林转化，而混交林主要向阔叶林转化。1996—2015年间混交林和竹类斑块波动较大，竹类及针叶林受人为影响最大，导致景观格局发生显著变化，斑块数量波动较大，生态脆弱，破碎化程度先减小增加；其他景观类型连通性降低，形状趋于复杂，受干扰程度低；旗山森林公园整体景观格局破碎程度先增加后减少，多样性减少后逐渐趋于稳定，聚集性有所增强，呈聚集发展趋势。人文因素是森林景观斑块面积变化的重要原因，尤其是第三产业生产总值、人口数量、地区总产值等因素影响显著；而在20年时间序列内，海拔、坡度、坡向和气候等自然因素对森林景观斑块面积变化影响较小。

Landscape Pattern Change of Qishan Forest Park Based on GIS and RS

Based on field investigation, with the guidance of landscape ecology theory, this study taking Qinshan National Forest Park in Fujian Province as the object and interpreted Landsat TM remote sensing data of the study area in 1996, 2002, 2010, 2015. Use landscape index analysis method to quantitatively analyze the forest park landscape pattern change. And then analyze the impact of these factors on the forest park landscape pattern change from natural factors such as altitude, slope, slope direction and humanities factors such as industrial output value, population, per capital disposal income. The results showed that from 1996 to 2015, bamboo area greatly reduced and showed a trend of fluctuations; mixed forest area greatly increased, and then slowly reduced; the construction area increased after slow decrease; broad-leaved forest area decreased sharply, and then tended to be stable; coniferous forest area slowly reduced, and then tended to increase; broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, bamboo forest and construction land mainly evolved into mixed forest, while mixed forest mainly evolved into broad-leaved forest. From 1996 to 2015, the mixed forest and bamboo patches fluctuated greatly, and the bamboo species and coniferous forest were most affected by human being. The overall landscape pattern changed significantly and the whole patch number fluctuated, showing that the ecology was fragile, the degree of fragmentation reduced first and then intensified. The connectivity of other landscape types reduced, the shape tended to be complicated, and the degree of interference was low. The fragmentation degree of the overall landscape pattern of Qishan Forest Park first increased and then decreased, the diversity gradually stabilized after decrease, the aggregation was enhanced and the landscape pattern showed a trend of clustered development. Humanities factors is the main reason for the area change of different landscape types, especially the impact of the output value of the tertiary industry, the population quantity and the regional output value; the elevation, slope, slope directions, climate and other natural factors have less effect on landscape area change in a relatively short 20 years time series.