青海湖畔3种典型盐生植物叶片结构研究

采用石蜡切片法对自然生长于青海湖畔的3种典型盐生植物叶片的横切面形态学特征进行观察。结果表明：3种盐生植物叶片的栅栏组织较对照发达，灰绿藜（Chenopodium glaucum）和西伯利亚蓼（Polygonum sibiricum）的叶片由非盐生条件下的异面叶演变为等面叶，鹅绒委陵菜（Potentilla anserina）虽为异面叶，但栅栏组织较厚，占叶片厚度的4/5；且3种盐生植物叶肉细胞内存在大量异细胞；灰绿藜叶肉组织中出现较大的胞间隙；鹅绒委陵菜和西伯利亚蓼具有盐腺。研究表明，青海湖畔3种盐生植物形成的上述结构特征是对高原盐生环境的高度适应，是青藏高原特殊生态条件长期胁迫的结果。

Microstructure of Three Typical Halophytes at the Qinghai Lakeside

The transverse sections of leaf blades from three typical halophytes including Chenopodium glaucum, Potentilla anserina and Polygonum sibiricum were examined. Result showed that the leaves of three typical halophytes growing at the Qinghai Lakeside had well developed palisade tissues compared with those growing in Xining district. The dorsivental leaves of Chenopodium glaucum and Polygonum sibiricum became isobilateral leaves after growing in saline condition, whereas the dorsivental leaves of Polygonum sibiricum had thicker palisade tissues accounting for 4/5 room of the whole leaf. There were plenty of idioblasts in the cells of three plants. The mesophyll tissues of Chenopodium glaucum had larger intercellular space. Salt glands were discovered in the leaves of Potentilla anserina and Polygonum sibiricum. It was suggested that the characteristics of three typical halophytes growing at the Qinghai Lakeside were a great adaptation of the plant to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau saline environments, as well as the result of long-time stress at the ecological conditions of Qinghai.