播种期对玉米外观品质和营养品质的效应研究

为了研究播种期对玉米外观品质和营养品质的影响，分析这两类品质之间的相关性，探讨利用外观品质预测营养品质的可能性。在黄土高原山西省春播中晚熟玉米生态区田间自然条件下，以‘强盛49’和‘屯玉6号’为材料，借助现代图像处理技术获取外观品质，借助现代近红外技术获取营养品质。结果表明：播种期明显影响了玉米的外观品质，适期（第3期）播种的籽粒饱满度指数最高，提前或者推迟的时间越长，饱满度越差；容重的播期主效显著，呈单峰曲线，峰值出现在第4期；物质密度主要受品种影响。玉米营养品质受播种期的影响强烈，适期（第3期）播种的蛋白质含量明显高于其他播期；‘强盛49’的淀粉随播期出现递增趋势；‘强盛49’前3期播种的脂肪含量高于后3期，‘屯玉6号’变幅更大，但是却没有明显规律。粒长、籽粒面积、矩形度和单粒重与淀粉含量呈显著负相关；矩形度与脂肪含量呈极显著正相关。蛋白质含量与淀粉含量呈极显著负相关，与脂肪含量呈极显著正相关。因此，要想获得较高的籽粒品质，可以通过调节播期来实现。

The Effect of Sowing Date on Appearance Quality and Nutritional Quality of Maize

The research aims at clarifying the effect of sowing date on appearance quality and nutritional quality of maize, analyze the correlation between appearance quality and nutrition quality, and discuss the possibility of using appearance quality to predict nutritional quality. The research is developed on the natural condition of mid-late maturity maize ecological territory in loess plateau of Shanxi Province. ‘Qiangsheng 49’ and ‘Tunyu 6’ were used as material. Appearance qualities were acquired with modern image processing technology, and nutritional qualities were acquired with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The results were as follows: sowing date significantly affected the appearance quality of maize, the plumpness index in the suitable date (the third period) was the biggest, the longer advancing or postponing time, the worse the plumpness. Sowing date of test weight had an obvious main effect which was in single summit-shaped curve, and the peak appeared in the forth period. The density of grain was primarily influenced by variety. All characters of maize nutrition quality were strongly influenced by sowing date. Protein content of sowing in suitable date (the third period) was higher than those of other sowing date; the starch content of ‘Qiangsheng49’ showed an increasing tendency along with sowing date. The oil content of ‘Qiangsheng49’ in the first three periods was higher than those of later three periods. However ‘Tunyu6’ had bigger variations, but lack of apparent law. Negative correlation was showed obviously by the starch contents and grain length, grain area, rectangularity as well as single grain weight. The significantly positive correlation appeared in rectangularity and oil content. The protein content was significantly negative-correlated with starch content, and was positively correlated with oil content. Therefore, we can adjust sowing date in order to get higher grain quality.