不同垄作覆盖栽培对土壤理化性状耗水特性和玉米产量的影响

在麦-肥-玉种植模式下,通过改变土壤微地形和覆盖种植,设置了不同垄作方式,覆盖地膜和小麦秸秆处理。研究表明:垄作和覆盖栽培处理的产量比平作露地栽培的高,增产幅度和垄作、覆盖的方式有关,以绿肥垄作覆盖地膜的产量最高,绿肥垄作覆盖秸秆的产量次之。增产幅度为587.15~1322.15 kg/hm2,增产14.2%~58.1%。在玉米栽培时垄作和覆盖能明显提高土壤水分含量。垄作和垄作覆盖处理的土壤容重比平作减少0.05~0.08 g/m3,孔隙度增加2%~4%,土壤全氮、有机质略有下降,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾有所上升,以覆盖垄作地膜处理的变化较大,在垄作覆盖下,作物产量明显增加,耗水量减少,水分利用率提高。

Efeects of different ridge culture and mulch pattern on soil physico-chemical properties,water consumption feature and maize yield

The experiment was carried out to investigate effects of different ridge culture and mulch pattern on soil physico-chemical properties,water consumption feature and maize yield under the planting model of wheat-green manure-maize.The results show that the maize yields of the ridge culture and mulch cultivation are higher than that of the ground open cultivation,the yields of ridge culture with mulch by plastic film and ridge culture with mulch by straw are the first and second respectively and the increasing range is 587.15-1322.15 kg/hm2(14.2 %-58.1 %).The ridge culture and mulch cultivation method can significantly improve soil water content.The soil porosity under the ridge culture and mulch cultivation method is 2 %-4 % higher than that under the ground cultivation,the contents of total nitrogen and organic matter slightly decrease and the contents of alkali hydrolytic nitrogen,available P and available K raise.Therefore,the crop yield can be significantly increased by raising the water utilization rate under the ridge culture and mulch cultivation method.