马铃薯光合生理因子日变化研究

[目的]为了解马铃薯光合生理特性及生长的适宜气象条件,以高效利用宁夏农业气候资源提高马铃薯品质与产量,大力发展宁夏特色农业,提高农民经济收入。[方法]利用CIRAS-Ⅰ型便携式光合测定仪测定马铃薯光合生理要素日变化,并运用统计学方法,分析宁夏西吉县马铃薯生理因子与气象因子日变化规律,研究作物生长关键期（开花期、块茎膨大期）气温、湿度、CO2浓度、光强等气象因子对马铃薯生理各要素日变化的影响。[结果]①马铃薯试验田间的空气湿度呈＂U＂型余弦曲线形式变化,而光合有效辐射和气温则表现出相反的变化趋势;②田间CO2浓度与马铃薯叶片细胞间隙CO2浓度成正相关性,二者日变化均呈＂W型双峰＂曲线;③马铃薯生长季内,在空气相对湿度较为适宜的晴天,其叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等生理要素的日变化与环境因子太阳辐射的日变化规律是一致的,都表现为＂M型双峰＂曲线形式,且有明显的＂午休＂现象;④光照过强引起叶片光合作用出现的＂午休＂现象通常与气温最高值和湿度最低值出现的时间同步。[结论]该研究可为宁夏地区马铃薯的大规模生产提供科学依据。

Study on Daily Change in Photo-physiological Properties of Potato

[Objective]This study was to reveal the photo-physiological properties and suitable climate conditions for potato growth,so as to improve potato quality and yield by making use of the climate resources in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,to intensively develop the special agriculture there to enhance the economic benefit of local people.[Method]Using CIRASⅠ-Portable Photosynthesis System,we measured the daily change of photo-physiological indices of potato and further analyzed their relationship with daily weather change,and investigated the impacts of climate factors including atmospheric temperature,humidity,CO2 concentration and light intensity on various physiological indices of potato at key growth stages(flowering stage and stem-swelling stage).[Results]The results showed that(1) humidity in experimental field assumed a " U" type cosine variation curve,while photosynthetically active radiation and atmospheric temperature presented a reverse variation trend;(2) atmospheric CO2 concentration was positively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration of potato cells,both assumed double " W" type curve for daily change;(3) during growth period of potato,in the sunny days with appropriate relative humidity,physiological indices including photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance presented similar change law with environmental factor photosynthetically active radiation,all appearing an " M" type curve with double peaks and a typical midday depression;(4) midday depression caused by to higher light intensity always appeared simultaneously with the maximum and minimum of air temperature.[Conclusion]Our results provided scientific basis for the large scale production of potato in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.