小麦主要数量性状基因效应的研究

对2年7个组合P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2、B_1和B_2六世代资料进行世代平均数遗传分析,估算了小麦单株生物量、单株粒重、单株有效穗、株高、每穗粒数、千粒重、收获指数等7个主要数量性状的基因效应.结果表明,所研究性状除受加性、显性作用外,还普遍受上位性影响.上位性大小和类型因性状、组合和年份而异.在上位性中,单株生物量、单株粒重、每穗粒数以〔1〕为主,千粒重、单株有效穗以〔i〕为主,株高以〔i〕、〔1〕为主,收获指数〔i〕、〔j〕、〔1〕均较重要.可用双基因互作模型解释所研究性状的基因作用,三级或更高级基因互作可忽略不计.

Gene effets of main quantitative characters on wheat

Gene effects of seven quantitative characters on wheat (Triticumaestivum, L. )were estimated by using generation mean analysis for seven crossesduring 1987-1989. The results were as follows: 1. Besides additive and dominanceeffects, epistatic effects are important. 2. The magnitude and type of epistasisvary with traits, crosses and years. For grain yield per plant, biomass per plantand number of grains per spike, the main component of epistasis is〔l〕, for1000-grain weight and number of tiller per plant is〔i〕, for plant height is〔i〕and〔l〕, for harvest index is〔i〕、〔j〕、〔l〕. 3. The digenic epistatic model isadeguate for explaining the gene action, which suggests the absence of trigenicand higher order interaction.