桑园条桑收获与片叶收获的产量和效益比较

对5个栽培桑品种(杂交组合)的桑园进行全年片叶收获和全年条桑收获试验,研究不同收获形式对桑园产量、桑叶生产成本、生产效率和经济效益的影响。与全年条桑收获桑园相比,全年片叶收获桑园每公顷产叶量可增加11955~14985 kg,增产率达26.12%~33.63%,每公顷枝叶量增加27915~37 830 kg,增产率达29.78%~44.97%;全年条桑收获形式虽然桑叶收获的劳动工效比片叶收获提高96.77%~136.00%,但其桑园产叶量较片叶收获形式下降了20.86%~25.16%,要取得与片叶收获桑园同等的桑叶产量,需增加26.12%~33.63%的桑园面积,最终使桑园总成本费用与片叶收获桑园没有显著差异,不能有效降低桑叶成本。测算结果表明,5个栽培桑品种的桑园采用两种收获形式的桑叶成本平均为0.42元/kg;全年片叶收获桑园比条桑收获桑园每公顷增产蚕茧797~999 kg,新增产值13430~16844元,新增纯收入10625~13 325元。分析认为,推广条桑收获技术需要采取措施减少条桑收获后光能损失和桑树生长的停滞时间,才能达到高产高效的目标。

A Comparison on Leaf Yield and Benefits Between Shoot-harvesting and Leaf-picking Methods in Mulberry Field

Five mulberry cultivars(hybridization combinations) were harvested in the whole year by shoot-harvesting and leaf-picking methods respectively to investigate the difference in leaf yield,production cost,production efficiency and economic benefit between the two harvest methods.Compared to shoot-harvesting method,leaf-picking method had an increased yield of mulberry leaves of 11 955～14 985 kg per hectare per year,with yield increment by 26.12%~ 33.63%;while the increased yield of mulberry shoots was 27 915～37 830 kg per hectare per year,with yield increment by 29.78%~ 44.97%.Although labor efficiency of shoot-harvesting method was 96.77%~ 136.00% higher than that of the leaf-picking method,its leaf yield was 20.86%～ 25.16% lower than the leaf-picking method.To compensate this reduction in leaf yield,an increase of 26.12% ~ 33.63% in mulberry field was required.This would make no significant difference in overall cost of growing mulberries between the two harvesting methods.Our estimation indicated that the average cost of growing the above 5 mulberry varieties using the two harvesting methods was 0.42 yuan/kg.The cocoon output of leaf-picking method was 797~ 999 kg per hectare per year higher than that of the shoot-harvesting method,with an increased production value of 13 430~ 16 844 yuan and increased net income of 10 625~ 13 325 yuan per hectare per year.It was concluded that certain measures must be employed to reduce loss of solar energy in the field and to shorten the stagnated time of mulberry growing when shoot-harvesting method is used to increase the labor efficiency and to maintain the high leaf yield.