土壤-植物系统中硒的生物有效性及其影响因素研究进展

硒的生物有效性是决定硒在土壤-植物系统中转运、积累的关键因素，然而目前关于该方面研究进展还缺乏系统的总结和论述。本文结合赣南富硒脐橙调查研究结果，以硒在土壤-植物系统中的运移为切入点，系统总结和论述了硒在土壤-植物系统中的氧化-还原、吸收、转运过程，探讨了土壤理化性质、微生物、施肥、农艺管理和植物生长阶段等对硒生物有效性和迁移的影响，并提出未来硒的研究热点：土壤微生物活性与硒生物地球化学循环的耦合关系；植物生长、果实品质与硒代谢相关的分子机制；结合同位素示踪技术和薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）技术原位探究硒在生物地球化学中的归趋。本综述可为土壤硒生物有效性调控、植物体系中硒的有效积累和农艺生物强化富硒措施方面的研究提供理论参考。

Research progress on bioavailability and influencing factors of selenium in soil-plant systems

Bioavailability of selenium is a key factor in determining the transport and accumulation of selenium in soil-plant system. However, systematic summary data and discussion of research progress are scant. Based on the results of our previous investigation of selenium-rich navel orange in Gannan, this study systematically summarizes and discusses the oxidation-reduction, absorption, and transport processes of selenium in soil-plant system. Furthermore, this study discussed the effects of soil physical and chemical properties, microorganisms, fertilization, agronomic management, and plant growth stages on the bioavailability and transport of selenium. Future hot spots of selenium research are proposed and discussed. These include： the coupled relationship between soil microbial activity and selenium in biogeochemical cycles; molecular mechanisms related to plant growth, fruit quality, and selenium metabolism; combined isotope tracing technique and thin film diffusion gradient technique in situ to explore the attribution of selenium in biogeochemistry. This study provides a theoretical reference for investigating the regulations of soil selenium bioavailability, effective accumulation of selenium in plant systems, and agronomic bio-enrichment measures for selenium enrichment.