欧美根茎能源植物研究现状及其在我国北方的资源潜力

本文综述了欧美国家对多年生根茎能源植物的研究进展,分析了我国北方该类植物的资源现状和潜力,讨论了我国在根茎能源植物应研究的几个问题.欧美国家综合了生物质产量水平、水分和养分利用、生态影响和生产成本等因素,普遍认为多年生根茎木质纤维素植物是边际土地上最有潜力的能源植物,例如欧美20多年的筛选研究确定了柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)、芒草(Miscanthus spp.)、草芦(Phalaris arundinacea)和芦竹(Arundo donax)是理想的能源植物种类.我国北方地区有丰富的根茎植物资源,如耐旱能力较强的芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)、短柄鹅观草(Roegneria brevipes)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)和赖草(Leymus secalinus)等.我国应该利用干旱半干旱边际土地发展根茎能源植物.建议收集国内资源,引进国外资源,筛选适合我国北方边际土地栽培的植物种类,进而加强育种、水肥利用、生产技术和生态效应的研究.

Review of rhizomatous energy plants studied in the America and Europe and its potential resource in North China

Progresses of perennial rhizomatous energy plants screening in the European Union and the United States of America are overviewed and the plant resource in North China is evaluated in this article.It has been recognized that rhizomatous energy plants are the most promising biomass crops in marginal lands of the world,because of the high biomass yield,high water and nutrient use efficiencies,friendly ecological effects and low cultivation cost.According to numerous screening studies,miscanthus(Miscanthus spp.),switchgrass(Panicum virgatum),reed cannarygrass(Phalaris arundinacea),giant reed(Arundo donax) have been found to be the most potential species for biomass energy production in occident countries.Due to serious limitation of arable land resource in China,it is expected that rhizomatous crops are suitable to be developed in North China,where there are plenty of marginal land resources with arid and semi-arid climates.In the North China,rhizomatous plant resources are rich.Lovely achnatherum(Achnatherum splendens),shortstipe roegneria(Roegneria brevipes),dahuria wildryegrass(Elymus dahuricus),Chinese leymus(Leymus chinensis),and common leymus(Leymus secalinus) are examples of these plants which are resistant to drought.We suggest that native species and introduced exotic species of rhizomatous plants should be screened as the suitable energy plant in the arid and semi-arid regions of North China.Then,researches on breeding,water and fertilizer utilization,management technologies,and ecological effects need to be conducted.